Objectives. This study aims to analyze the cost of patient care among ORL-HNS patients admitted in a tertiary,teaching government hospital low- middle-income country.Methods. is prevalence-based, prospective, bottom-up, cost-of-illness analysis theDepartment Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery tertiary training from July 2021 March 2022. The value assessment method used human capital appr...

With the advent of new vaccines targeted to highly endemic diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and with the expansion of vaccine manufacturing globally, there is an urgent need to establish an infrastructure to evaluate the benefit-risk profiles of vaccines in LMIC. Fortunately the usual decade(s)-long time gap between introduction of new vaccines in high and low income countrie...

BACKGROUND The global response to HIV has started over 18 million persons on life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-the vast majority in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)-yet substantial gaps remain: up to 40% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) know their status, while another 30% of those who enter care are inadequately retained after starting treatment. Identifying strategies to enhan...

BACKGROUND A novel approach is explored for improving causal inference in observational studies by comparing cohorts from high-income with low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), where confounding structures differ. This is applied to assessing causal effects of breastfeeding on child blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ). METHODS Standardized approaches fo...

BACKGROUND Visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) is a cervical cancer (CC) screening approach that has recently been adopted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Innovative technologies allow the acquisition of consecutive cervical images of VIA and VILI using a smartphone application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of smart...

BACKGROUND The study of gene-environment interactions (G × E) is one of the most promising strategies to uncover the origins of mental disorders. Replication of initial findings, however, is essential because there is a strong possibility of publication bias in the literature. In addition, there is a scarcity of research on the topic originated from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The ...

OBJECTIVES Validated metrics of tobacco dependence exist, but their value for global surveillance of tobacco dependence and development of tobacco control interventions is not well understood. This paper reviews tobacco dependence metrics for non-cigarette products, and whether measures of tobacco dependence have been validated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). DATA SOURCES Se...

INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) considerably harms the health, safety and well-being of women. In response, public health systems around the globe have been gradually implementing strategies. In particular, low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been developing innovative interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) addressing the problem. This paper describes a protocol f...

BACKGROUND In high-income nations mainstream television news remains an important source of information about both general health issues and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, research on news coverage of health in LMICs is scarce. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present paper examines the general features of Australian television coverage of LMIC health issues, testing the hypotheses ...

Abstract Background CNS tumor registries (CTR) has evolved to a key tool for data collection, evaluation of diagnostic and treatment patients suffering from tumors the central nervous system (tCNS) in U.S, but CTR Africa does not yet exist. In comparison high-income countries (HIC), many low- middle-income (LMIC) do have national or registries. Furthermore, appropriate steps like MRI pathologic...