INTRODUCTION Palliative patients with metastatic bone pain endure long waiting times and multiple visits to radiation therapy departments for treatment. This can prolong suffering and may be a factor in patients consenting for treatment. Rapid Access Palliative Clinics (RAPC) have been established around the world to provide a multidisciplinary approach to consultation, simulation and treatment...

In this paper a Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) implementation of a complex digital system is discussed. The deployed asynchronous wrappers are based on a novel request-driven technique with embedded time-out function. Each GALS block is fitted with a local clock generator for flushing the internal pipeline stages when there are no incoming requests. This request-driven techniq...

A q-query locally testable code (LTC) is an error correcting code that can be tested by a randomized algorithm that reads at most q symbols from the given word. An important question is whether there exist LTCs that have the c3 property: constant relative rate, constant relative distance, and that can be tested with a constant number of queries. Such codes are sometimes referred to as “asymptot...

A (q, δ, )-locally decodable code (LDC) C : {0, 1} → {0, 1} is an encoding from n-bit strings to m-bit strings such that each bit xk can be recovered with probability at least 1 2 + from C(x) by a randomized algorithm that queries only q positions of C(x), even if up to δm positions of C(x) are corrupted. If C is a linear map, then the LDC is linear. We give improved constructions of LDCs in te...

An analysis of the climate parametrization scheme adopted by conventional forest gap models revealed that most models assume a constant climate and are difficult to calibrate consistently. Tree growth showed unrealistically sensitive threshold effects along ecological gradients of temperature and precipitation. A new parametrization was compared with its predecessors in terms of the model's cap...

In Japan cancer mortality statistics have been prepared by site, sex, and age group since 1937. The trends in age-adjusted death rates for selected sites from 1937 to 1975 in intervals of two or three years, and the age-adjusted death rates for some sites by prefecture in 1968-1972 were summarized. Concerning the accuracy of cancer mortality statistics, special consideration should be given to ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze our experience with a second radiosurgical treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) after an unsuccessful first radiosurgical treatment. METHODS Between 1993 and 2000, 242 patients were treated by the Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center using a LINAC system. Fifteen of these patients required a second radiosurgical intervention due to the failure of t...

Caches are designed to provide the best tradeoff between access speed and capacity for a set of target applications. Unfortunately, different applications, and even different phases within the same application, may require a different capacity-speed tradeoff. This problem is exacerbated in a Simultaneous Multi-Threaded (SMT) processor where the optimal cache design may vary drastically with the...

We present a method for synchronizing pausible clocks in GALS (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous) systems. In contrast to most conventional GALS schemes the method is not based on including in each ring oscillator a synchronizing element (such as for instance an arbiter) which on one side can pause the clock and on the other side offers a handshake interface. Instead, we propose a sche...

Although retiming is a well known method to optimize various characteristics of synchronous circuits, this method has rarely been applied to the synchronous blocks of a Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) system. In this paper, communication protocols of gated-clock based wrappers have been analyzed for applying retiming algorithm to improve performance. Through the introduction of...