Fragmentation of stages of the production process is determined by international cost differences and by the benefits of co-location of related stages. The interaction between these forces depends on the technological relationships between these stages. This paper looks at both cost minimising and equilibrium fragmentation under different technological configurations. Reductions in trade costs ...

This article discusses the implications for health research of Canada Post's transition from door-to-door postal delivery to community mailboxes. We argue that using postal code data to geocode participants based on community mailboxes will result in positional and linkage errors. Positional errors involve misplacing people's residential location. Linkage errors result from incorrectly linking ...

Location Based Services (LBS) has become an important field of research with the rapid development of Internet-based Information Technology (IOT) technology and everywhere we use smartphones and social networks in our everyday lives. Although users can enjoy the flexibility, facility, facility and location-based services (LBS) with the Internet of Things, they may lose their privacy. An untrust...

Abstract This study utilized a guided free-fall drop tower and standard test headform to measure the peak linear acceleration (PLA) generated by different climbing helmet models that were impacted at various speeds (2–6 m s −1 ) locations (top, front, rear, side). Wide-ranging impact performance was observed for selected. Helmets produced lower PLAs composed of protective materials, such as exp...

BACKGROUND: Addressing muscle deficits within a multi-component exercise fall reduction program is a priority, especially for the highest risk older adults, i.e., those who have fallen previously. Eccentric resistance exercise with its high-force producing potential, at a low energetic cost, may be ideally-suited to address muscle impairments in this population. The purpose of this study was to...

Rain cleans pollution out of the atmosphere, as droplets collide with airborne particles during free fall. Such particle–droplet collisions have been presumed to be capture events, but details such lack thorough investigation. We show that rain and interact through multiple collision behaviours, including captures on droplet surface, cavity-forming entries ricochets. drop diameter fall velocity...

In this study, to predict the formation of free-fall arch via granular flow through an aperture, analytical model has been developed based on particle-scale force equilibrium. This calculates size and location meta-stable can be extended rate. According model, a is independent height stress state above arch, where only particle size, aperture friction influence development arch. Besides, propos...