Timing is often seen as the most important property of systems after function, and safety-critical systems are no exception. In this paper, we consider how timing is typically treated in safety assurance and, in particular, the safety arguments being proposed by industry and academia. A critique of these arguments is performed based on how systems are generally developed and how evidence is gat...

In this paper we discuss an architecture, based on a three-tiered formalism, and a development method for constructing context-aware systems. As an illustration of the principles involved in developing a context-aware system, we present a formal architecture of the Antilock Braking System (ABS). The distinguishing features of a context-aware system are perception and adaptation. The perception ...

An antilock braking system (ABS) is one of the most important components in a road vehicle, which provides active protection during braking, to prevent wheels from locking-up and achieve handling stability steerability. The all-electric ABS without any hydraulic potential candidate for electric vehicles. To demonstrate examine algorithms, this article proposes single-wheel test bench, mainly in...

Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, many of which occur in the urban environments. The most popular include Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), Traction Control and Stability Control. All these systems employ different types of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle, and respond in an emergency situation. In this pa...

This paper deals with the design of a brake caliper pressure controller for a conventional ABS/ESC system and the experimental validation of its tracking performances. The analysis of the hydraulic plant, carried out in Part I of this two-part study, is here utilized to develop the control algorithm for ABS digital electro-hydraulic valves. The control strategy is based on a Feedforward (FF) an...

Among driver assistance systems recently applied to PTWs (ABS, CBS, etc.), the autonomous braking without input from the rider, named Active Braking (AB), is one of the most promising safety functions. The potential benefits of the AB are encouraging, although the improper activation of the AB is dangerous for the rider. Therefore the triggering must occur only when the vehicle is in stability ...