Replace this text with your own abstract. A natural similarity in body dimensions of terrestrial animals noticed by ancient philosophers remains the main key to the problem of mammalian skeletal evolution with body mass explored in theoretical and experimental biology and tested by comparative zoologists. We discuss the long-standing problem of mammalian bone allometry commonly studied in terms...

at neck region called as Trans cervical neck fracture. Third bone shows fracture that happens at intertrochanteric line of femur bone known as Intertrochanteric fracture. The fourth bone shows the fracture that happens at sub trochanteric region named as subtrochanteric fracture, Fracture that happens at greater trochanter region shown in fifth bone is known as fracture at greater trochanter, i...

Bone fractures are one of the leading causes of emergency room visits worldwide, with approximately 8 million bony fractures occurring annually in the US alone. Although the majority of fractures do not cause significant long-term morbidity and mortality, approximately 10% of these fractures result in impaired fracture healing, drastically affecting quality of life in affected patients. By incr...

INTRODUCTION Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is a new signalling pathway in bone repair. Evidence exist that SHH pathway plays a significant role in vasculogenesis and limb development during embryogenesis. Some in vitro and animal studies has already proven its potential for bone regeneration. However, no data on the role of SHH in the human fracture healing have been published so far. METHODS Seventy-...

Fracture is one of the pathological signs most frequently encountered in archaeologically obtained bones. To expand the paleopathological knowledge on traumatic injuries, it is desirable to secure data on long bone fractures from as wide a geographic and temporal range as possible. We present, for the first time, evidence of long bone fractures in a 16th-18th century Joseon skeletal series (n=9...

AIM To investigate risk factors for first long-bone fractures in children up to 5 years old in order to provide evidence about which families could benefit from injury prevention interventions. METHODS Population-based matched nested case-control study using The Health Improvement Network, a UK primary care research database, 1988-2004. Maternal, household and child risk factors for injury we...

fat embolism syndrome refers to a constellation of symptoms secondary to the presence of fat globules in the lung parenchyma and/or peripheral blood circulation. the syndrome is most often seen in association with long bone or pelvic fractures and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. the present randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone fragility disorder characterized by skeletal deformity and “brittle” bones. This fragility is believed to stem from a combination of bone mass deficiency and compromised bone material properties [1-3]. Poor bone quality poses major orthopaedic and rehabilitation challenges. Risk of fracture is a major consideration when prescribing activity restr...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a child-specific classification system for long bone fractures and to examine its reliability and validity on the basis of a prospective multicentre study. METHODS Using the sequentially developed classification system, three samples of between 30 and 185 paediatric limb fractures from a pool of 2308 fractures documented in two multicenter studi...

The application of bone substitutes and cements has a long standing history in augmenting fractures as a complement to routine fracture fixation techniques. Nevertheless, such use is almost always in conjunction with definite means of fracture fixation such as intramedullary pins or bone plates. The idea of using biomaterials as the primary fixation bears the possibility of simultaneous fixatio...