Individuals who had won the lottery responded to a survey concerning whether they had continued to work after winning. They were also asked to indicate how important work was in their life using items and scales commonly used to measure work centrality. The authors predicted that whether lottery winners would continue to work would be related to their level of work centrality as well as to the ...

In 2008, a group of uninsured low-income adults in Oregon was selected by lottery to be given the chance to apply for Medicaid. This lottery provides an opportunity to gauge the effects of expanding access to public health insurance on the health care use, financial strain, and health of low-income adults using a randomized controlled design. In the year after random assignment, the treatment g...

Consider a simple two-state risk with equal probabilities for the two states. In particular, assume that the random wealth variable Xi dominates Yi via i-order stochastic dominance for i = M,N. We show that the 50-50 lottery [XN + YM, YN + XM] dominates the lottery [XN + XM, YN + YM] via (N + M)-order stochastic dominance. The basic idea is that a decision maker exhibiting (N + M)-order stochas...

In a sequential bargaining game framework with complete information and no discounting, this paper proposes a mechanism in the spirit of a final offers arbitration (FOA). At each step, two parties may stop negotiating in order to implement a lottery between the two current proposals or go on making new proposals. A crucial difference with the FOA is that the list of past proposals is recorded a...

The time-honored mechanism of allocating funds based on ranking of proposals by scientific peer review is no longer effective, because review panels cannot accurately stratify proposals to identify the most meritorious ones. Bias has a major influence on funding decisions, and the impact of reviewer bias is magnified by low funding paylines. Despite more than a decade of funding crisis, there h...

We examined whether people might distort and selectively remember the past in ways that enable them to sustain a belief in a just world (BJW; Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press). In Study 1, recall of a lottery prize reflected participants’ justice concerns, such that the average lottery amount recalled was lowest when a ‘‘bad” versu...

Computer designers utilize the recent huge advances in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) to place several processors on the same chip die to get Chip Multiprocessor (CMP). The shared bus is the most common media used to connect these processors with each other and with the shared resources. Distributing the shared bus among the contention processors represents a critical issue that affects ov...

The regressivity of lotteries has become an increasingly important issue in the U.S. as the number of state-run lotteries has increased. Despite this, we still know relatively little about the nature of lottery regressivity. I use a new dataset on Powerball lotto sales to analyze how regressivity varies with jackpot size within a single lotto game. I find that these large-stakes games are signi...

This paper studies the design and performance of the Probabilistic Priority (PP) [9] packet scheduling algorithm to schedule packets. Unlike an earlier design that uses fractional arithmetic and prohibits large number of classes, we present an integer PP algorithm and show that PP turns out to be a special scheme of applying lottery scheduling [16] to bandwidth allocation in a strict priority s...

We use data from a public school choice lottery to estimate the effect of attending a first-choice school. For the average student, attending a first-choice school is not associated with improvements in test scores or other academic outcomes. However, academic achievement is only one goal families may have when choosing a school and, depending on their preferences, parents may trade-off academi...