The Golden Whistler (Aves: Passeriformes: Pachycephalidae) Pachycephala pectoralis sensu lato has long played a key role in the development of the theory of allopatric speciation (Mayr 1932a, b; Mayr 1942; Galbraith 1956). The P. pectoralis species complex formerly comprised 60-70 nominal subspecies and so had a distribution spanning the Indo-Pacific (Boles 2007). More recent taxonomic treatmen...

The long-distance migratory flights of birds are predominantly fueled by the oxidation of fatty acids, which are sourced primarily from extracellular adipose stores. These fatty acids have to be transported, via the circulatory system, to the mitochondria of the active muscles. An important facilitator of fatty acid transport within the cytoplasm of muscle cells is fatty acid binding protein (F...

Flight power varies in a U-shaped relationship with flight speed, requiring the modulation of flight muscle power in order to meet these changing power demands. The power output of the pectoralis muscle can potentially be modulated by changing strain trajectory and the relative timing and intensity of muscle activity. Pectoralis muscle length change and activity patterns were recorded in budger...

We have previously demonstrated, based on comparison of homologous amino acid sequences and of two-dimensional CNBr peptide gel patterns, that the myosin heavy chain in pectoralis muscles of Storrs, Connecticut dystrophic chickens is different from that of their normal controls (Huszar, G., Vigue, L., De-Lucia, J. Elzinga, M., and Haines, J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7429-7434). Others have sh...

BACKGROUND Chronic tears of the subscapularis tendon with or without associated tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons may lead to pain and dysfunction of the shoulder. If conservative treatment fails and repair of the musculotendinous unit is impossible, transfer of the pectoralis major tendon can be attempted to substitute for lost subscapularis function. METHODS Twenty-eight ...

OBJECTIVE To examine our outcomes with skin paddle survival using pectoralis myocutaneous flaps in reconstruction of the head and neck. The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been associated with a notable incidence of distal skin necrosis and flap loss. Our experience has been favorable compared with that reported in the literature. METHODS Retrospective medical record review of 81 cases...

BACKGROUND Postural abnormality and muscle imbalance are thought to contribute to pain and a loss of normal function in the upper body. A shortened pectoralis minor muscle is commonly identified as part of this imbalance. Clinical tests have been recommended to test for shortening of this muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the pe...

INTRODUCTION Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle appears to be increasing in athletes. However, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES To compare the isokinetic shoulder performance after surgical treatment to that after non-surgical treatment for pectoralis major muscle rupture. METHODS We assessed 33 pectoralis major muscle ruptures (18 treated non-surg...

Pesticides are complex organic substances that an important source of water pollution. Using pesticides is one the actions for harvest protection. This, however, does not negate fact its usage can result to negative consequences as well. The study toxic action lambda-cigalotrin (the piretroid insecticides which included in icons, karate, commodore, samurai) on quantitative contents fatty acids ...