The practice of Egyptian psychiatrists emigrating to high-income countries is not a recent phenomenon. Egyptian doctors have long travelled in search of training and education and to better their standards of living. The debate continues. What effective measures can be taken to reduce the brain drain, or at least its effect on Egyptian mental health services?

This study was designed to calibrate and evaluate the subsurface drain flow component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM; Version 2.5) for four tillage-systems: chisel plow (CP), moldboard plow (MB), no-tillage (NT), and ridge-tillage (RT). Measured subsurface drain flow data for 1990 was used for model calibration. Main parameters calibrated were lateral saturated hydraulic conductivi...

INTRODUCTION Though surgical drainage is used as a safety measure, it's not without complications. Migration of various drains has been described, but very little literature refers to the migration of peritoneal drain. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 55-year male underwent anterior Gastro-Jejunostomy for inoperable metastatic carcinoma of the Gastric Pylorus. We found the peritoneal drain missing on t...

Introduction: Regarding cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, there is still debate regarding drain insertion. The aim of the present study was to detect if there is a beneficial added value to drain the abdomen in case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 patients diagnosed having acute cholecystitis were enrolled to this study and we...

background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm) is still one of globally accepted surgical techniques for breast cancer and in some selected patient is the gold standard type of surgery. the most frequent complication of this procedure is seroma under skin flaps or in the axilla as reported as much as 30% in some studies. the use of closed suction drainage system to reduce the incidence of this c...

PURPOSE To compare the short-term outcome in patients with or without a drain (short duration and low suction pressure) following total knee replacement (TKR). METHODS A consecutive series of 106 women and 48 men (mean age, 69 years) underwent unilateral TKR. The first 77 patients used a low suction pressure (200 mm Hg) drain following TKR for 24 hours, and the next 77 patients used no drain....

Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) and other aquatic macrophytes have historically been mechanically removed from the Rangiriri drain and Churchill East drain to maintain drain efficiency. As an alternative control method for the high plant biomass that accumulates at the end of summer, the effect of stocking diploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella L.) on the aquatic vegetation was evalua...

An analytical model is developed to study the impact of scaling on the thermal and gate induced noise of the small geometry LDD MOSFETs. The analyses includes the short channel, narrow width, velocity saturation, hot carrier and LDD effects. The intricacy in analysis when considering all these effects simultaneously as in the small geometry devices is overcomed and a generalized expression vali...