INTRODUCTION Research into the prevention of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has resulted in the development of a number of lung protective strategies, which have become commonplace in the treatment of critically ill patients. An increasing number of studies have applied lung protective ventila...

Although the trend in the neonatal intensive care unit is to use noninvasive ventilation whenever possible, invasive ventilation is still often necessary for supporting pre-term neonates with lung disease. Many different ventilation modes and ventilation strategies are available to assist with the optimization of mechanical ventilation and prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury. Patient-...

BACKGROUND There may be significant difference between measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) during one-lung ventilation with low tidal volume for thoracic surgeries. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (PtcCO2) monitoring can be used continuously to evaluate PaCO2 in a noninvasive fashion. In this study...

background: postoperative pulmonary dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery and it is believed to result from the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb). in this study, we investigated the effect of low tidal volume ventilation during cpb on postoperative gas exchange and lung mechanics. methods: this prospective randomized study included 100 patients undergoing...

BACKGROUND It is known that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction increases as a result of intermittent regional hypoxic challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on oxygenation and shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation in a novel model of hypoxic preconditioning before one-lung ventilation. METHODS Sixteen Wistar-albino rats were anesthetized ...

BACKGROUND Maintenance of spontaneous breathing is advocated in mechanical ventilation. This study evaluates the effect of spontaneous breathing on regional lung characteristics during high-frequency oscillatory (HFO) ventilation in an animal model of mild lung injury. METHODS Lung injury was induced by lavage with normal saline in eight pigs (weight range 47-64 kg). HFO ventilation was appli...

Ventilation needs to be individualized for the underlying • lung pathology. Ventilation is a modifiable risk factor for acute lung injury. • Protective lung ventilation is a combination of small tidal • volumes, low peak and plateau pressures, routine PEEP and permissive hypercapnea. Hypoxia during one-lung ventilation is rare and often sec• ondary to alveolar de-recruitment in the face of hypo...

Isolated brainstem preparations from larval (tadpole) and adult Rana catesbeiana were used to examine inhibitory mechanisms for developmental regulation of the respiratory central pattern generator (CPG). Preparations were superfused at 20-22 degrees C with Cl(-)-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or with aCSF containing agonists/antagonists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine ...

The last decade has seen increased appreciation of ventilator-induced lung injury. The understanding that the process of mechanical ventilation can itself damage lungs has spurned the search for ventilation strategies that are more lung protective. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation is a mode of high-frequency ventilation that may accomplish all of the current goals of lung protection. Hist...

Mechanical ventilation is a crucial component of the supportive care provided to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Current practice stipulates the use of a low tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml/kg ideal body weight, the presumptive notion being that this limits overdistension of the tissues and thus reduces volutrauma. We have recently found, however, that airway pressure release venti...