Muscarinic receptors play a major role in gallbladder function, although the muscarinic receptor(s) mediating smooth muscle contractility is unclear. This study compared smooth muscle contractile responses to carbamylcholine (10(-7)-10(-3) M) in isolated gallbladder from wild-type and M(2), M(3), and M(4) receptor knockout mice. Carbamylcholine-induced contraction in gallbladder was associated ...

To study the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) on human coronary arteries and to compare those effects with those of diltiazem and nitroglycerin, we measured the tension of ring segments from isolated human coronary arteries obtained at autopsy within 5 hours after death. Precontracted segments with 3 x 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha were studied after adding cumulative concentrations of these agent...

Let $X$ be a reflexive Banach space, $T:Xto X$ be a nonexpansive mapping with $C=Fix(T)neqemptyset$ and $F:Xto X$ be $delta$-strongly accretive and $lambda$- strictly pseudocotractive with $delta+lambda>1$. In this paper, we present modified hybrid steepest-descent methods, involving sequential errors and functional errors with functions admitting a center, which generate convergent sequences ...

We have previously shown that static muscle contraction induces the expression of c-Fos protein in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and that some of these cells were codistributed with neuronal NADPH-diaphorase [nitric oxide (NO) synthase]-positive fibers. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of NO in the NTS in mediating the cardiovascular responses elicited by s...

Effect of verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, on the contractions in the intestinal smooth muscle of taenia isolated from guinea-pig caecum was examined. In normal medium, 10 mM-80 mM KCl or 10(-7) M-10(-5) M carbachol induced a transient contraction followed by a sustained one. When the muscle strips were treated with a Ca2+-free solution for 2 min, these stimulants failed to induce contraction...

This paper introduces a new methodology for measuring and analyzing capital structure effects on option prices of individual firms in the economy. By focusing on individual firms we examine the cross sectional effects of leverage on option prices. Our methodology allows the market value of each firm’s debt to be implied directly from two contemporaneous, liquid, at-the-money option prices witho...

An affine hypersurface M is said to admit a pointwise symmetry, if there exists a subgroup G of Aut(TpM) for all p ∈ M , which preserves (pointwise) the affine metric h, the difference tensor K and the affine shape operator S. Here, we consider 3-dimensional indefinite affine hyperspheres, i.e. S = HId (and thus S is trivially preserved). In Part 1 we found the possible symmetry groups G and ga...

A finite complete rewriting system for a group is a finite presentation which gives an algorithmic solution to the word problem. Finite complete rewriting systems have proven to be useful objects in geometric group theory, yet little is known about the geometry of groups admitting such rewriting systems. We show that a group G with a finite complete rewriting system admits a tame 1-combing; it ...

Wojtaszewski, Jørgen F. P., Jan Lynge,Allan B. Jakobsen, Laurie J. Goodyear, and Erik A. Richter. Differential regulation of MAP kinase by contraction and insulin in skeletal muscle: metabolic implications. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Endocrinol. Metab. 40): E724–E732, 1999.—We have investigated the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) by muscle contraction and insu...