For P a poset or lattice, let Id(P ) denote the poset, respectively, lattice, of upward directed downsets in P, including the empty set, and let id(P ) = Id(P )−{∅}. This note obtains various results to the effect that Id(P ) is always, and id(P ) often, “essentially larger” than P. In the first vein, we find that a poset P admits no <-respecting map (and so in particular, no one-to-one isotone...

This paper shows that any compactly generated lattice is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible lattices which are complete and upper continuous. An example of a compactly generated lattice which cannot be subdirectly decomposed into subdirectly irreducible compactly generated lattices is given. In the case of an ideal lattice of a lattice L, the decomposition into subdirectly irreducib...

We study the state complexity of binary operations on regular languages over different alphabets. It is known that if L′m and Ln are languages of state complexities m and n, respectively, and restricted to the same alphabet, the state complexity of any binary boolean operation on L′m and Ln is mn, and that of product (concatenation) is m2 n − 2n−1. In contrast to this, we show that if L′m and L...

In this paper we study linear into isometries of non-reflexive spaces (embeddings) that preserve finite dimensional structure of the range space. We consider this for various aspects of the finite dimensional structure, covering the recent notion of an almost isometric ideals introduced by Abrahamsen et.al., the well studied notions of a M -ideal and that of an ideal. We show that if a separabl...

An m×n ideal matrix is a periodic m×n binary matrix which satisfies the following two conditions: (1) each column of this matrix contains precisely one 1 and (2) if it is visualized as a dot pattern (with each dot representing a 1), then the number of overlapping dots at all actual shifts are 1 or 0. Let s(n) denote the smallest integer m such that an m × n ideal matrix exists. In this paper, w...

If N is a submodule of the R-module M , and a ∈ R, let λa : M/N → M/N be multiplication by a. We say that N is a primary submodule of M if N is proper and for every a, λa is either injective or nilpotent. Injectivity means that for all x ∈ M , we have ax ∈ N ⇒ x ∈ N . Nilpotence means that for some positive integer n, aM ⊆ N , that is, a belongs to the annihilator of M/N , denoted by ann(M/N). ...

Let K be a field of characteristic 0 and S = K[x1, . . . , xn] the polynomial ring over K with graded maximal ideal m = (x1, . . . , xn). Denote by βi(M) = Tor S i (K,M) the ith Betti number of a finitely generated graded module M and by Gin(I) the generic initial ideal of a graded ideal I with respect to the reverse lexicographical order. In this paper we answer (positively) a question raised ...

Let [NB]1 denote the ideal generated by nonbounding c.e. degrees and NCup the ideal of noncuppable c.e. degrees. We show that both [NB]1 ∩ NCup and the ideal generated by nonbounding and noncuppable degrees are new, in the sense that they are different from M, [NB]1 and NCup — the only three known definable ideals so far.

These are notes for a lecture given at Ohio University on June 3, 2006. An important topic in commutative algebra is the Rees algebra of an ideal in a commutative ring. The Rees algebra encodes a lot of information about the ideal and corresponds geometrically to a blow-up. One can represent the Rees algebra as the quotient of a polynomial ring by an ideal. This ideal is generated by the defini...

To each finitely presented module M over a commutative ring R one can associate an R-ideal FitR(M) which is called the (zeroth) Fitting ideal of M over R and which is always contained in the R-annihilator of M . In an earlier article, the second named author generalised this notion by replacing R with a (not necessarily commutative) o-order Λ in a finite dimensional separable algebra, where o i...