Functional echocardiography has become an invaluable tool in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit. "Point-of-care," "target," or "focus" echocardiography allows bedside cardiac ultrasound evaluation of the hemodynamic status of the patient, helps in directing treatment, thus improves patients care. In order to be able to perform functional echocardiography, it is essential to understa...

Sixty clinically normal German shepherd dogs, 31 males and 29 females, ranging in age from 1 and 5 years and with a body weight ranging from 22 to 37.2 kg, were examined by the two-dimensional mode, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography. In Doppler mode, the mitral valve flows were obtained, where the aim was to determine the velocity peaks and ratios of the E and A waves and the mitral E wave d...

A wide variety of approaches to M-mode echocardiographic methods for estimation of left ventricular mass have been proposed and employed in hypertensive heart disease. The cube function geometry, which assumes an ellipsoid of revolution with a length twice the minor axis, appears to be optimal provided left ventricular shape is relatively normal. The Penn measurement technique for wall thicknes...

A 13-year-old girl presented with clinical features of pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation. Haemodynamic studies suggested the presence of a right ventricular tumour. M-mode and two dimensional echocardiograms indicated one or probably two soft thin walled structures originating from the right atrium. At operation a persistent right sinus venosus valve was removed. One earlier case report desc...

Prenatal ultrasound screening has allowed for the detection of in utero cardiac abnormalities. Specifically, distinction is possible between ventricular diverticula and aneurysms, which is important because each condition has a different clinical outcome. We report the case of a 35-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman, with no significant past medical history, who underwent routine prenatal ultras...