The reduction of parasympathetic nerve activity by the treatment with ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) in vivo induced both specific and non-specific supersensitivities in the rat iris sphincter (Tanaka et al., 1999). Changes in the expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes, which could be a cause of specific supersensitivity induced by the treatment with AF64A, were examined using...

Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease involved in the progression of renal fibrosis. Pirfenidone is a newly identified antifibrotic drug, the potential mechanism of which remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pirfenidone on M1/M2 macrophage infiltration in nephrectomized rats. Nephrectomized rats were treated with p...

in this study, 4 different food diets were examined for feeding white worm which were studied. results showed that suitable moisture for growth and development of white worm was 50 - 70 % that their biomass reached to a 675 g/m2 during 90 days. but it decreased significantly at moisture lower than 45 % and upper than 65 %. white worm had similar growth both in acidic and basic area. white worm ...

Native platelet factor-4 (PF4) is an asymmetrically associated, homo-tetrameric protein (70 residues/subunit) known for binding polysulphated glycosaminoglycans like heparin. PF4 N-terminal chimeric mutant M2 (PF4-M2), on the other hand, forms symmetric tetramers [Mayo, Roongta, Ilyina, Milius, Barker, Quinlan, La Rosa and Daly (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11399-11409] making NMR studies with this 3...

Complete genes encoding the predicted nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), M2-1protein, M2-2protein, small hydrophobic protein (SH), and attachmentprotein (G) of seven newly isolated human metapneumoviruses (hMPVs) were analyzed and compared with previously published data for hMPV genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences indicated that t...

The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is implicated in regulating multiple stages of the cell cycle. APC participation in G1/S is attributed to its recognized role in Wnt signaling. APC function in the G2/M transition is less well established. To identify novel protein partners of APC that regulate the G2/M transition, APC was immunoprecipitated from colon cell lysates and assoc...

When influenza A virus infects host cells, its integral matrix protein M2 forms a proton-selective channel in the viral envelope. Although X-ray crystallography and NMR studies using fragment peptides have suggested that M2 stably forms a tetrameric channel irrespective of pH, the oligomeric states of the full-length protein in the living cells have not yet been assessed directly. In the presen...

As a single agent, gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) has shown minimal activity against gastrointestinal malignancies with only a modest improvement in survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Recently, gemcitabine resistance has been associated with the up-regulation of mRNA and protein levels of the ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RR-M2), a rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthes...