The ethnic drug Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MDL) is widely distributed throughout South China, and is the major component of Gong Yan Ping Tablets/Capsules and Zi Di Ning Xue San. Although the pharmacological effects of MDL have been well documented, its chemical profile has not been fully determined. In this study, we have developed a rapid and sensitive UPLC-ESI-Q-Exactive Focus-MS/MS method...

Modal dependence logic (MDL) was introduced recently by Väänänen. It enhances the basic modal language by an operator =(·). For propositional variables p1, . . . , pn the atomic formula =(p1, . . . , pn−1, pn) intuitively states that the value of pn is determined solely by those of p1, . . . , pn−1. We show that model checking for MDL formulae over Kripke structures is NPcomplete and further co...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MDL-100,453 was used to determine whether a neuroprotective effect is demonstrable when the drug is administered beginning 30 minutes after the initiation of focal ischemia and whether the effect is related to blood levels of the drug. METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four intravenou...

Multidistrict litigation procedures have grown in significance as an important tool for resolving large-scale litigation. Indeed, in recent years, various reports have noted that from one third to one half of all cases in the federal courts are part of MDL proceedings.1 From the defendants’ perspective, consolidation in a federal MDL proceeding may make nationwide litigation more manageable. Fr...

The calpain inhibitor MDL-28710 blocks the early local pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in mice after chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI). One-hundred-thirteen wild type mice of C57Bl/6J background received CCI of the right sciatic nerve. Mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were investigated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 7 days after CCI. Three appl...

Minimum Description Length (MDL) is an important principle for induction and prediction, with strong relations to optimal Bayesian learning. This paper deals with learning non-i.i.d. processes by means of two-part MDL, where the underlying model class is countable. We consider the online learning framework, i.e. observations come in one by one, and the predictor is allowed to update his state o...

Minimum Description Length (MDL) inference is based on the intuition that understanding the available data can be defined in terms of the ability to compress the data, i.e. to describe it in full using a shorter representation. This brief introduction discusses the design of the various codes used to implement MDL, focusing on the philosophically intriguing concepts of luckiness and regret : a ...

The correspondence problem is of high relevance in the construction and use of statistical models. Statistical models are used for a variety of medical application, e.g. segmentation, registration and shape analysis. In this paper, we present comparative studies in three anatomical structures of four different correspondence establishing methods. The goal in all of the presented studies is a mo...

Upon constructing a Bayesian network classifier from data, the accuracy of the resulting model can often be improved upon by selecting a subset of the available features. We show that the commonly used MDL function is not suited for feature selection. We introduce a new MDL-based function that is better tailored to this task. Our experimental results demonstrate that, with the new function, cla...

Segmentationlbindinglorganization is a problem at the heart of machine and human vision. There are various approaches to this problem, such as local filtering[l], region competition[2], MDL (minimum description length) method[3], global energy optimi-zation[4], and correlation theory of the brain[5]. In this paper, we see visual representation as building descriptions of MDL and formulate segme...