The neotropical apoid wasp genus Microstigmus is of particular interest biologically because it represents an origin eusociality independent vespid wasps and bees, part the only eusocial lineage among approximately 10,000 solitary species wasps. Females construct nests made silk exhibit unusual diversity nesting strategies. However, research hampered many remain undescribed basic biology a few ...

Abstract For herbivorous insects, dropping from the host plant is a commonly-observed antipredator defence. The use of compared to other behaviours and its timing in relation contact with predator was explored both pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) potato Macrosiphum euphorbiae ). Pea dropped more frequently response ladybird adults Adalia bipunctata than lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea Pot...

the performance and flight behavior of the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae was studied on the 'superior-bt' line transgenic for the cryiiia toxin of bacillus thuringien-sis (bt), resistant to the colorado potato beetle; and non transformed 'superior' line which served as control. mortality of the treated aphids was negligible and potato lines did not affect the development time of m. euphor...

Host insects are either susceptible or resistant to parasitoids, where resistant hosts express immunity factors and compatible parasitoids express virulence factors that may reveal the manipulation of susceptible hosts. Using proteomics we compared responses of the same host, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, challenged by a well-adapted parasitoid Aphidius nigripes or by a less adapted relativ...

The tomato Mi-1 gene confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), potato aphids (Macrosiphum eluphorbiae), and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci and B. tabaci biotype B). Resistance to potato aphid is developmentally regulated and is not associated with induction of a hypersensitive response. The NahG transgene that eliminates endogenous salicylic acid (SA) was used to test the role o...

Many fungal root symbionts of the genus Trichoderma are well-known for their beneficial effects on agronomic performance and protection against plant pathogens; moreover, they may enhance protection from insect pests, by triggering plant resistance mechanisms. Defense barriers against insects are induced by the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the production of defense-related plant...