800x600 age-related macular degeneration (amd) is becoming the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. the exact etiology and pathophysiology of amd is still unclear. a number of risk factors of amd have been recognized, such as cigarette smoking, a family history of amd and being caucasian. on the other hand, aspirin is a widespread medication, which is thought to be associated with...

Autophagy is an essential mechanism for clearing damaged organelles and proteins within the cell. As with neurodegenerative diseases, dysfunctional autophagy could contribute to blinding diseases such as macular degeneration. However, precisely how inefficient autophagy promotes retinal damage is unclear. In this study, we investigate innate mechanisms that modulate autophagy in the retinal pig...

PURPOSE To evaluate the presence of cognitive biases among retina physicians when recommending treatment options for exudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS Two random samples of retina specialists were surveyed regarding their treatment and dosing regimen choices among three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor biologics (aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab). One group w...

PURPOSE To evaluate the risk of stroke after ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS National registry data for 1,025,340 random subjects in the year 2002 were used. The ranibizumab group comprised patients diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and treated with ranibizumab between 2009 and 2013 (n = 467). The two types of compariso...

Retinal biometrics has been very handy in most parts of the world with respect to diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic retinopathy, the most complicated part comes when patients loose their eye sight. This is called as Macular Degeneration. Macular Degeneration comes in two stages. The first stage is when clinically significant features are present on the retina, the second stage is when non clini...

Abstract With the advent of long-acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor substances, “healing AMD (age-related macular degeneration)” might be easily assumed due to prolonged treatment intervals. Adoption oncological concept minimal residual disease for quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions enhance importance continued monitoring, and spur research into core disease, i.e.,...

BACKGROUND Drusen are important risk factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and have a dynamic nature as they can enlarge, newly form, or disappear over time. There have been few reports on drusen regression or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) development after macular hole surgery. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of both drusen regression and subsequent CNV...

OBJECTIVE To analyse satisfaction and patient preferences on the location where they receive an intravitreal injection. METHOD A survey was conducted with the intention of analysing these patients who attended the macula clinic and have been intervened using an intravitreal injection at least once in the day hospital or in the theatre setting, comparing both locations. RESULTS The majority ...

Macular pigment optical density (MPOD)-assessed using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP)-is related to better cognition and brain lutein among adults. However, the reliability of MPOD assessed by cHFP has not been investigated in children. We assessed inter-session reliability of MPOD using modified cHFP. 7-10-year-olds (n = 66) underwent cHFP over 2 visits using 11 examiners....

The results of randomized controlled clinical trials of ranibizumab for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration established a new standard of care with the prospect of improved vision in many patients. Subsequent trials have explored different strategies to increase response rates and reduce treatment frequency. This review analyzes the key clinical trial data for ranibizumab on the b...