In recent decades, Iranian villages have experienced an increasing transformation culturally and environmentally due to the social changes. In pre-modern period (about half a century ago), villages were known as the production sources and had an important social and economic credit as cities foundation. However, a number of changes occurred in the rural “lifestyle” resulting from development of...

 This paper investigates the effect of decision-makers’ culture on their implicit choice of how to make decisions. In a content analysis of major decisions described in American and Chinese twentieth-century novels, we test a series of hypotheses based on prior theoretical and empirical investigations of cross-cultural variation in human motivation and decision processes. The data show ...

the foundation of most intellectual discourse is western-centric to the exclusion of other views. this includes ideal patterns of social interaction, preference for aesthetic, accepted norms and values, and the concepts of dignity, respectability, morality and ethics. such a position is culturally myopic. western cultural influence colors all of them including moral precepts. the assumption is ...