Hemozoin (HZ) is an insoluble crystal formed in the food vacuole of malaria parasites. HZ has been reported to induce inflammation by directly engaging Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, an endosomal receptor. "Synthetic" HZ (beta-hematin), typically generated from partially purified extracts of bovine hemin, is structurally identical to natural HZ. When HPLC-purified hemin was used to synthesize the ...

was but a manifestation of the same protean affection. The Malarial Commission of the Royal Society first threw doubt on this simple view by showing that malarial parasites were nearly always absent from cases of chronic fever with very large spleens in Calcutta, and that tiie " endemic index of malaria," or the percenlage of healthy children showing malarial parasites in their blood, was nil i...

Spleen macrophages from Plasmodium berghei-infected mice are more efficient in the ingestion of parasitized reticulocytes than spleen macrophages obtained from normal animals. Other indications of spleen macrophage activation detected during malarial infection are enhanced macrophage spreading and increased phagocytosis of opsonized and nonopsonized sheep erythrocytes (E). Peritoneal macrophage...

Humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum frequently have elevated levels of proteins in their urine, but it is unclear if any of these proteins are parasite antigens or antimalarial antibodies. To resolve this question, urine samples from malaria patients and controls living in Thailand and Ghana were evaluated. Urine samples from 85% of the patients had elevated protein levels and contained ...

A ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 detected on the surface of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfP0) has been shown to be recognised by invasion blocking antibodies. Using cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies against PfP0, the surface localisation has also been demonstrated on certain mammalian cells, yeast and Toxoplasma gondii. We sought to characterise the phenomenon of surface ...

BACKGROUND In the present study, blood serum level of metals were determined in malarial patients and compared with those in the normal subjects without complication using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. METHODS For the determination of these metals twelve intravenous blood samples each from referred malarial patients and a group of normal subjects were collected and immediately centrifuged t...

Prior to a chimpanzee adenovirus-based (ChAd63) malarial vaccine trial, sera were collected to assess ChAd63-specific neutralizing antibody titers in Banfora (Burkina Faso). The low neutralizing antibody titers reported in both adults and children (median titers, 139.1 and 35.0, respectively) are encouraging for the potential use of ChAd63 as a malarial vaccine vector.

Background and objectives: The plants of genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) have been conventionally used for prevention and medication of a number of ailments. In the present research, ten extracts with different polarities from aerial parts of two Artemisia species, A. kopetdaghensis and A. turcomanica were evaluated for their potential anti-malarial properties. Methods: The plant materials were ex...

Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a leading cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the novel cytokine, interleukin (IL)-23, promotes anemia in chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of IL-23 in SMA remains undefined. Since IL-23 and IL-12 share the IL-12p40 subunit and IL-12Rbeta1 receptor, and are down-regulated by IL-10, relationships among these cytokines were explo...

Malarial anemia is associated with a shift in iron distribution from functional to storage compartments. This suggests a relative deficit in erythropoietin production or action similar to that observed in other infections. Our study in Kenyan children with asymptomatic malaria aimed at investigating whether malaria causes increased erythropoiesis, and whether the erythropoietic response appeare...