The importance of testosterone (T) in maintaining full expression of male mammal reproductive behavior is well documented and widely acknowledged. However, the role of estradiol (E2) in the regulation of male reproductive behaviors is much less widely recognized or appreciated. Indeed, T can be enzymatically converted to E2 via aromatase. Many regions within the brain of males and females are r...

Endocrine disruptors, chemicals that disturb the actions of endogenous hormones, have been implicated in birth defects associated with hormone-dependent development. Phytoestrogens are a class of endocrine disruptors found in plants. In the current study we examined the effects of exposure at various perinatal time periods to genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, on reproductive development and learn...

background: brownbanded bamboo sharks (chiloscyllium punctatum) is one of the cartilaginous fish that lives in the persian gulf. objectves: the purpose of the present study is to study the effects of thyroid hormone on reproductive system of this specious. methods: in this investigation, 36 individual of brownbanded bamboo sharks (chiloscyllium punctatum) in both autumn (before reproduction) an...

PURPOSE A case control study was conducted to assess the effects of long-term ingestion of Topiramate on fertility, body and reproductive organ weight and level of sex hormones in Sprague-Dawley male rats. METHODS Ten adult male rats were exposed to Topiramate diets at a concentration of 100 mg /kg for 60 days. Another ten control male rats received vehicle (distilled water). After 24 hours o...

The male reproductive system consists of the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the testes. Alcohol can interfere with the function of each of these components, thereby causing impotence, infertility, and reduced male secondary sexual characteristics. In the testes, alcohol can adversely affect the Leydig cells, which produce and secrete the hormone testosterone. Studies found that...

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is widely used in human and veterinary as anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular prophylaxis, anti-clotting agent and to decrease cancer risk. However, it is often misor over-consumed, including in population subgroups, such as elite athletes, to prevent pain and treat injuries. Many risks associated with its usage have been reported but there is a deficiency of inform...

In recent years, the incidences of obesity, diabetes mellitus and male factor infertility have increased in the general population. Obesity, which can lead to metabolic syndrome, is characterized by elevated leptin levels; diabetes mellitus is characterized by decreased insulin levels or insulin insensitivity. A large body of evidence suggests that insulin and leptin play a role in the physiolo...