Malic acid is a C4 dicarboxylic acid which is used as an acidulant in food and beverages. It is also considered as a bio-building block to replace petrochemically derived compounds in the post oil era. This organic acid can be biotechnologically derived from fermentation using renewable feedstocks as carbon source. Aspergilli are among the best producers of organic acid and A. flavus/oryzae is ...

Normal levels of mitochondrial malic enzyme were found in fibroblasts from three patients with Friedreich's ataxia.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) made mainly with abundant primary metabolites are being increasingly applied in green chemistry. The advantages of NADES as green solvents have led to their use in novel green products for the food, cosmetics and pharma markets. However, one of the main difficulties encountered in the development of novel products and their quality control arises from thei...

Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation using acetogenic bacteria is an approach for production of bulk chemicals like acetate, ethanol, butanol, or 2,3-butandiol avoiding the fuel vs. food debate by using carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen from gasification of biomass or industrial waste gases. Suffering from energetic limitations, yields of C4-molecules produced by syngas fermentation ...

in the present experiments multiple mammary cancers were induced in rats, and the levels of six soluble pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes were determined in the tumors before and after (a) the withdrawal of steroids by oophorectomy, (b) the administration of sex steroids, (c) preg nancy, and (d) lactation. It was found that these modifications of the steroid status exerted great effects on the...