The study was designed to evaluate whether changes in malonyl-CoA and the enzymes that govern its concentration occur in human muscle as a result of physical training. Healthy, middle-aged subjects were studied before and after a 12-wk training program that significantly increased VO2 max by 13% and decreased intra-abdominal fat by 17%. Significant decreases (25-30%) in the concentration of mal...

Malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA are two of the most commonly used extender units for polyketide biosynthesis and are utilized to synthesize a vast array of pharmaceutically relevant products with antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticholesterol, anticancer, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. Heterologous hosts used for polyketide production such as Escherichia col...

The structural basis for the dual specificity of the malonyl-CoA/acetyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein S-acyltransferase associated with the multifunctional animal fatty acid synthase has been investigated by mutagenesis. Arginine 606, which is positionally conserved in the transacylase domains of all multifunctional fatty acid and polyketide synthases, was replaced by alanine or lysine in the contex...

A low lipid, high starch containing tissue, namely cotyledons of germinating pea seedlings was examined for its capacity to synthesize fatty acid. Intact tissue slices readily incorporate acetate-(14)C into fatty acids from C(16) to C(24). Although crude homogenates synthesize primarily 16:0 and 18:0 from malonyl CoA, subsequent fractionation into a 10,000g pellet, a 10(5)g pellet and supernata...

Acrylic acid is a value-added chemical used in industry to produce diapers, coatings, paints, and adhesives, among many others. Due its economic importance, there currently need for new sustainable ways synthesise it. Recently, the focus has been laid use of Escherichia coli express full bio-based pathway using 3-hydroxypropionate as an intermediary through three distinct pathways (glycerol, ma...

UNLABELLED Changes in the concentration of malonyl-CoA in many tissues have been related to alterations in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in its formation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological role of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme responsible for malonyl-CoA catabolism. In this study, we examined the effects of voluntary exerc...

Dietary fatty acid composition, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, can affect both genetic and non-genetic regulatory mechanisms of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I, the main regulatory enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We aimed to determine how these regulatory mechanisms were affected by changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet in fish. Specifically, we fed r...

Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.9) catalyzes the conversion of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. Although the metabolic role of this enzyme has not been fully defined, it has been reported that its deficiency is associated with mild mental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, cadiomyopathy, developmental delay, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and malonic aciduria. Here, we isolated a cDN...

Acetyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase (acetyl transacylase) and malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyl transacylase) have been purified 90and 255-fold, respectively, from Escherichia co2i extracts and exhibited the following properties. Acetyl transacylase is heat-labile whereas malonyl transacylase is comparatively heat-stable, 80% of its activity surviving...

Intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL) serves as a good biomarker of skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR). However, intracellular fatty acid metabolites [malonyl-CoA, long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA)] rather than IMCL are considered to be responsible for IR. This study aimed to investigate dynamics of IMCL and fatty acid metabolites during fed-to-starved-to-refed transition in lean and obese (IR)...