Physiological hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia reduces fat oxidation in skeletal muscle. The mechanism responsible for this decrease in fat oxidation in human muscle is not known and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the transfer of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into the mitochondria via carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) is inhibited by inc...

Malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA are two of the most commonly used extender units for polyketide biosynthesis and are utilized to synthesize a vast array of pharmaceutically relevant products with antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticholesterol, anticancer, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. Heterologous hosts used for polyketide production such as Escherichia col...

Previous studies have suggested that insulin resistance develops secondary to diminished fat oxidation and resultant accumulation of cytosolic lipid molecules that impair insulin signaling. Contrary to this model, the present study used targeted metabolomics to find that obesity-related insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is characterized by excessive beta-oxidation, impaired switching to car...

AIMS During reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium, fatty acid oxidation rates quickly recover, while glucose oxidation rates remain depressed. Direct stimulation of glucose oxidation via activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), or secondary to an inhibition of malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), improves cardiac functional recovery during reperfusion following ischaemia. However, the effects ...

The products of two adjacent genes in the chromosome of Methanococcus jannaschii are similar to the amino and carboxyl halves of phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the second step of fosfomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces wedmorensis. These two M. jannaschii genes were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and their gene products were tested for the ability to ca...

y-Aminobutyric acid is present in the free form in large amounts in brain (l-3), where it is formed from glutamic acid by a L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (2, 4, 5). The enzyme requires pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme (5), which can be synthesized in brain from adenosinetriphosphate and pyridoxal (6). This decarboxylase has a high degree of substrate and coenzyme specificity (6). The concentrati...

The fatty acid-synthesizing system of Escherichia coli w fractionated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose into three different enzyme fractions: Err, ErrI, a E rv. Incubation of Fraction Err with acetyl coenzyme malonyl coenzyme A, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide, and acyl carrier protein (ACP) yielded /GhydroxydecanoylACP, ,l3-hydroxylauryl-ACP, and /3-hydroxymyristyl-ACP va...