The active site and substrate-binding mode of MD-ACO1 (Malus domestica Borkh. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) have been determined using site-directed mutagenesis and comparative modelling methods. The MD-ACO1 protein folds into a compact jelly-roll motif comprised of eight a-helices, 12 b-strands and several long loops. The active site is well defined as a wide cleft near the C-term...

A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate fenamiphos at 20.2 kg a.i./ha applied in both fall and spring or in spring only for the control of Pratylenchus penetrans on apple, Malus domestica cv. Granny Smith on M7a rootstock. The initial population densities of P. penetrans within the plot area were 89/250 cm(3) soil and 268/g root dry weight. Fenamiphos increased (P < 0.05) trunk diameter in yea...

Functional structural botanical tree models are one of the most difficult models in biology. We introduce IMapple, a model for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus × domestica) trees based on source-sink descriptions of plant resources. Our model uses precise geometrical representations with high quality polygonal meshes and geometric details. We introduce a novel simulation algorithm that provides ...

Total polyphenols content and a partial phenolics composition from pulp and peel of organically and conventionally produced Malus domestica, Annurca were investigated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effect of these compounds against useful and pathogen microorganism was examined. Finally, their mutagenic activities were evaluated. Organically grown apples showed a greater content of polyphenols...

This study aimed at understanding softening in Jonagold apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) fruits, by investigating pectin modifications and the evolution of pectin-modifying enzymes during postharvest storage and ripening. Jonagold apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at different temperatures and controlled atmosphere conditions for 6 months, followed by exposure to ambient she...

Plant NADPH-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (GLYR1 and GLYR2) are considered to be involved in detoxifying harmful aldehydes, thereby preserving plant health during exposure to various abiotic stresses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two GLYR isoforms appeared in the plant lineage prior to the divergence of the Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, which occurred ...

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity as well as total phenol (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in two fruits, apple (Malus domestica) and green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The antioxidant activities were examined by two different methods namely DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power scavenging activity. The results showed that considerable amou...

Enzymatic browning of apple fruits (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is the main factor responsible for quality deterioration in processed products such as juice, fresh-cut slices and chips.The fresh slices of apple were dipped in 1% ascorbic acid solution for one min and hot water with 50°C for two min. The results showed that both heat and ascorbic acid treatments could significantly reduce cut surf...

The intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of Malus domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox before and after application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the leaves was investigated in a comparative manner. SDS-PAGE in combination with ESI Q-ToF mass spectrometry, and homology search in relevant data bases revealed the highly up-regulated expression of several pathogenesis-related...