In this project, we are experimentally testing the importance of burdens of proof in determining the validity of a patent in litigation. The genesis of these experiments is the Supreme Court decision in Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Limited P'ship, 131 S. Ct. 2238 (2011). In i4i, the Court rejected Microsoft's claim that a jury need only be persuaded by a preponderance of the evidence to find a patent...

Francesco Redi (1626-1697) was a scientist and writer of highest level. He spent his career at Medicean Court, where he developed a profound literary and philological knowledge, but specialising in the life sciences. Redi brought together erudition and a genuine experimental spirit, being the first to apply the experimental method to the life sciences. It was above all during the reign of Ferdi...