Male reproduction and male contraception form an important spectrum within men’s health. In this issue’s Views Reviews, four author groups detail new developments in vasectomy clinical practice guidelines, emerging investigational techniques the fields of hormonal nonhormonal contraception, useful paradigms for patient care when deciding between sperm extraction with vitro fertilization reversa...

We evaluated the relationship between Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) abundance and foliage density and forest structurein a northern hardwood forest on Douglas Lake, Michigan. We found no relationship between the abundance of Red-eyed Vireos and forest structure complexity. Although our results suggest that Red-eyed Vireo density does not increase with forest structure, as predicted, our samp...

Th is year marks the 100th anniversary of a seminal paper on plant form. In 1916, in the pages of the American Journal of Botany , Irving W. Bailey and Edmund W. Sinnott documented a remarkable observation: in wet tropical forests, the percentage of woody plant species with toothed or lobed leaves is close to zero, but it increases toward 100% moving north into cold-temperate regions ( Bailey a...

Quantitative differences in leaf abscisic acid (ABAL) among four cultivars of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and one freeman maple (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) cultivar were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that ABAL concentration can be used to compare the effects of water stress on the gas exchange response of fi ve different maple genotypes, including four red maple cultivars [‘Summ...

but snow cover will decrease. In this paper, we examine potential effects of a reduction in snow cover on northWe measured deciduous forest soil temperatures under control (unmanipulated) and snow-free (where snow is manually removed) eastern forests by examining soil temperatures under conditions for four winters (at three soil depths) to determine effects control and snow-free (where snow is ...

Understanding the distribution of soil properties with respect to sample size is essential for designing efficient soil sampling strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the size of soil samples on the distribution of estimated soil physical (bulk density and water content), chemical (pH and orthophosphate P), and biological (NO3-N and denitrification rates) properties....

Comprehensive Red List assessments act as valuable resources for informing protected area designations, national species legislation and action strategies, international biodiversity agreements, yet they are lacking many plant families. Magnoliaceae is one of the most comprehensively assessed families, coordinated efforts have taken place since 2007 to assess all in family. Due these species, c...

The human mind is capable of absorbing and processing large volumes of information. Most of this processing, however, occurs at a precognitive level, the results of which serve to alert the cognitive mind to areas of potential interest. The Multidimensional User-oriented Synthetic Environment, fluSE is an open-ended software shell that provides a new approach to interacting with computer-based ...

The phantom leaf effect seen in Kir l ian photography may help researchers better understand near-death and out-of-body experiences. While the process responsible for the phantom leaf effect is unknown, variations of Rupert Sheldrake's morphogenetic field theory offer three explanations for this phenomenon. Each of these variations has different implications for neardeath and out-of-body experi...

Montane longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests are currently dwindling due to fire suppression. Longleaf pine forests require reoccurring natural forest fires for longleaf regeneration and maintenance of the understory community composition. In many areas of the southeastern United States, decades of fire suppression have led to invasion of longleaf-dominated forests by deciduous hardwoods and...