We study the optimal tax system when taxpayers earn different kinds of income by supplying inputs. Imperfect substitution between inputs allows for general equilibrium effects. consider any type cross-base responses to changes such as income-shifting. Formalizing schedule sum many one-dimensional schedules, we express marginal rate on kind in terms sufficient statistics, including new ones and ...

Following Rosen [1981], superstar effects (earnings convex in quality and a few firms reaping a large share of market earnings) occur with imperfect substitution between sellers, low (and possibly declining) marginal cost of output, and marginal cost falling as quality increases. However, markets without such characteristics have superstar effects, and the main result from the superstar model —...

this study was conducted to determine the effects of stomatal size and frequency on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and yield, and to locate the genes controlling these traits. therefore, substitution lines series of ‘timstein’ (tim) into genetic background of ‘chinese spring’ (cs) were tested in a completely randomized block design with three replications under two normal and water s...

â â â â  reza roshan [1] â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan , iran â  mosayeb pahlavani â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan, iran â  mohammad nabi shahyaki tash â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan, iran â  â â â  abstract â  consumption is the principal feature of iran’s gross national production. therefor...

the blending of nr and br rubber blend with n330 carbon black is studied on curing behavior and the physico-mechanical properties of a sbr rubber based tire tread compound containing n234 carbon black. the effect of sulphur and accelerator contents on different properties of rubber compound is also tested with a wide range of curing agents. partial substitution of sbr with nr shows significant ...

We develop a new approach to using estimating equations to estimate marginal regression models for longitudinal data with time-dependent covariates. Our approach classifies time-dependent covariates into three types – Types I, II and III. The type of covariate determines what estimating equations can be used involving the covariate. We use the generalised method of moments to make optimal use o...

Some years ago, Luck proposed a relevance criterion for the effect of aperiodic disorder on the critical behaviour of ferromagnetic Ising systems. In this article, we show how Luck’s criterion can be derived within an exact renormalisation scheme for Ising quantum chains with coupling constants modulated according to substitution rules. Luck’s conjectures for this case are confirmed and refined...

We estimate a structural model of optimal life-cycle housing and consumption in the presence of realistic labor income and house price uncertainties. The model postulates constant elasticity of substitution between housing service and nonhousing consumption, and explicitly incorporates a house adjustment cost. Our estimation fits the crosssectional and time-series household wealth and housing p...

objective: considering the fact that several bonding agents are available in market, clinical evaluations are required to find the durability of the sealants after using bonding agents. the purpose of this study was to compare the durability of the fissure sealant after applying two kinds of dentin bonding materials, adhese and excite. materials and methods: in this clinical study sample group ...