In our previous works, a Switching Linear Gaussian Hidden Markov Model (SLGHMM) and its segmental derivative, SSLGHMM, were proposed to cast the problem of modelling a noisy speech utterance by a well-designed dynamic Bayesian network. We presented parameter learning procedures for both models with maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. The effectiveness of such models was confirmed by evaluation e...

in this research, potential effects of oil and monetary policy shocks on economic growth of iran are examined and share of each of them on economic growth are calculated during 1974-2006 period and potential mutual effects of those shocks by using the vector auto regressive (var) model are analysed. results of this research show that oil shocks significantly affected the economic growth in iran...

Some models of provider behavior predict that physicians, like other experts, may respond dysfunctionally to financial incentives by recommending unnecessary treatment. We empirically test this relationship using data from inpatient hospitalizations surrounding a 2003 Colorado auto insurance reform. The reform shifted a large fraction of auto injury patients from coverage through auto insurers ...

Despite the near ubiquity of intertemporal choice, there is little consensus on rate at which individuals trade present and future costs benefits. We contribute to this debate by estimating discount rates from extensive data housing transactions spatiotemporal variation in property taxes England. Our findings imply long-term average net growth nominal that are between 3 4 percent. The close cor...

We analyze the ups and downs in economic growth recent decades by constructing a model with recurrent bubbles, crashes, endogenous growth. Once realized, bubbles crowd investment stimulate growth, but expectation about future crowds out reduces identify bubbly episodes estimating using US data. Counterfactual simulations suggest that IT housing not only caused booms also lifted GDP almost 2 per...

This paper investigates the interrelationship between urbanization, structural transformation, and post-2000 Chinese housing boom through lens of a dynamic spatial equilibrium model that features migration rich market structure with mortgages. Urbanization transformation emerge as key drivers China's house price boom, while at same time rising prices impede these forces economic transition. Pol...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...