In an earlier t reatment [Destro & Marsh (1987). Acta Cryst. A43, 711-718], an at tempt was made to predict the shapes of high-angle 0-20 scan profiles by convoluting a low-angle profile with the presumedly known spectral distr ibution function for the incident (crys ta l -monochromat ized Mo K a ) radiation but it was found necessary to introduce a third component, an 'aberrat ion funct ion ' ...

A large body of literature exists across different contexts on unequal societal role burdens experienced by the different sexes (Cornwall, Harrison & Whitehead, 2007; Faust, 2013; Jacobs, 1996; Kabeer, 2005; Powell, 2005; Rao, 2006; Rao & Kelleher, 2003; Smyth, 2007; Unterhalter & North, 2011; Wendoh & Wallace, 2005), as well as in the South African context (Geisler, 2000; Hassim, 2006; McEwan,...

Accurate characterization of marsh elevation and landcover evolution is important for coastal management and conservation. This research proposes a novel unsupervised clustering method specifically developed for segmenting dense terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data in coastal marsh environments. The framework implements unsupervised clustering with the well-known K-means algorithm by applying ...

Complexity theory predicts that local feedback processes may strongly affect the organization of ecosystems on larger spatial scales. Whether complexity leads to increased resilience and stability or to increased vulnerability and criticality remains one of the dominant questions in ecology. We present a combined theoretical and empirical study of complex dynamics in mineralogenic salt marsh ec...

Coupling experiments at small spatial scales with large-scale surveys can help to generalize experimental results across large spatial scales. The goal of the present study was to evaluate patterns of crab herbivory within and, at a larger scale, between many southwestern (SW) Atlantic salt marshes. Hence, we conducted experiments in an Argentinean salt marsh to elucidate the effects of crab Ch...

Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Net carbon dioxide (CO2) ecosystem exchanges in coastal salt marshes remain poorly investigated. In Spartina alterniflora dominated North American Atlantic coast marshes, the lack of a clear understanding of how Spartina alterniflora responds to flooding limits our current abil...

A fundamental question in ecology is how biological interactions and biogeographic processes interact to determine the biodiversity of local sites. We quantified patterns of plant species diversity on transects across elevation at 59 salt marsh sites in Georgia and 49 sites in Texas. Although these regions have similar climates and floras, we anticipated that diversity might differ because of d...

Salt marshes worldwide are faced with threats from rising sea levels and coastal development. We measured changes in salt marsh vegetation structure using remote sensing and its consequences for carbon sequestration, wave attenuation, and sediment trapping ability using remotely sensed imaging, field measurement data, and the published literature data pertaining to the Yangtze Estuary, a rapidl...

The rebuttal of Oberhuber’s sub-division of Marsh III type in celiac disease (1) and its subsequent correspondence in the past and present issues of GHFBB allow us to review the current thinking on the histopathological classification of celiac disease. In the Definition of Medicine, Avicenna argues: -“While some divide medicine into a theoretical and a practical [applied] science, others may a...

Salt marsh ecosystems have been considered not susceptible to nitrogen overloading because early studies suggested that salt marshes adsorbed excess nutrients in plant growth. However, the possible effect of nutrient loading on species composition, and the combined effects of nutrients and altered species composition on structure and function, was largely ignored. Failure to understand interact...