green fig, which is usually consumed as dry fruit, is one of the important non-oil export agricultural commodities of iran. in this study, some important physical properties of green figs including geometric mean diamter, sphericity, porosity, particle and bulk density and pressure drop across a thin bed were measured at constant moisture content of 6% (dry basis). air flow ranges used in this ...

A systematic experimental study of the effect of several factors on the mean drop diameter, d32, during emulsification, is performed with soybean oil-in-water emulsions. These factors are (1) type of used emulsifier; (2) emulsifier concentration, CS; and (3) ionic strength of the aqueous solution. Three different types of emulsifier, anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), nonionic (polyoxyethyl...

Multiphase flows reveal contorted fluid structures which cannot be described in terms of drop/bubble diameter distribution. Here we use a morphological descriptor originates from the field heterogeneous materials that was proved to nicely tailored for characterizing microstructure e.g. porous media. It is based on Minkowski Functionals – an erudite expression simply designates integrated volume...

this paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation carried out in turbulent forced convection in a tube with helical ribs. enhancement of heat transfer using helically corrugated tubes has beenstudied experimentally by many researchers but there exist a few published numerical analyses results. the paper also introduces the results of heat transfer and friction factor data for inco...

In many combustion and agricultural applications atomizers are used to increase the surface area of liquid ensure high rates mixing improve evaporation. The most common, simple, reliable atomizer is pressure swirl atomizer. This said have quality effective atomization compared others induces swirling motion gives a hollow cone spray with air core as it emerges from exit orifice. To enhance unde...

The relationship between phenology and tree stem diameter increment is largely unexplored in tropical species, especially in wet tropical forests. To explore links between these phenomena, we measured stem diameter increment and phenology of ten canopy tree species from a range of functional types in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica to test for seasonal and interannual patterns. We measured ...

The phenomenon of steam–water direct contact condensation has significance in a wide range industrial applications. Superheated steam was injected upward into cylindrical water vessel. Visual observations were conducted on turbulent jet to determine the dimensionless length compared nozzle exit diameter and maximum swelling ratio as function mass flux at exit, with gas ranging from 295–883 kg/m...

Using a matrix of drop size distributions (DSDs), measured by a microscale array of disdrometers, a method of spatial and temporal DSD interpolation is presented. The goal of this interpolation technique is to estimate the DSD above the disdrometer array as a function of three spatial coordinates, time and drop diameter. This interpolation algorithm assumes simpliŽ ed drop dynamics, based on cl...