3.1. How Hormones Change Their Target Cells Hormones are chemical messengers that invoke profound changes within target cells. There are two fundamental mechanisms by which such changes occur: • Activation of enzymes and other dynamic molecules: Most enzymes shuttle between conformational states that are catalytically active versus inactive, on versus off. Many hormones affect their target cell...

Introduction: Amnesia or loss of memory is the cardinal hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with ageing process. Although, AD had been discovered over a century ago, drugs which could cure or halt the progression of the disease are yet to see the light of the day. However, there has been a growing interest in the use of phytomedicines with m...

A fourth-generation Ziegler-Natta catalyst was prepared to synthesize polypropylene (PP), which was stabilized by in situpolymerization employing lignin as antioxidant. The antioxidant properties of lignin were compared with those of the commercial antioxidant Irganox 1010. The presence of lignin in the reaction medium slightly decreased the catalytic activity of the reaction. The isotacticity ...

Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham. (Oleaceae) has been commonly used in the traditional medicine in dysentery, diarrhoea and bellyache in China. In the present work, the methanol extract of Jasminum amplexicaule (JME) was examined for pharmacology on human colonic epithelial cell line T84 by the short-circuit current technique. The results showed that pretreatment of T84 cells with JME produced a...

Background: Flavonoid-rich foods are beneficially associated with enhancing pulmonary function; however, the protective effects of flavonoids may have an impact on COPD through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Chronic obstructive disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung high death rate and multiple health problems. Recently, up to 7000 been identified as having anticancer, antioxidant, properties. Vario...

Antioxidant-prooxidant imbalance is one of the key mechanisms acute blood loss and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome. Under these conditions, level ceruloplasmin (CP) plays an important role, enhancing antioxidant protection promoting hematopoiesis, exhibiting ferrooxidase action. However, in this case, state antioxidant-prooxidant balance spleen content CP serum studied insufficiently, thus there ...

Despite the increasing interest and use of NAC over decades, there remains much debate surrounding NAC’s mechanisms action. It was widely believed that exerts its antioxidant cytoprotective properties through ability to act as a scavenger reactive oxygen species, precursor for glutathione biosynthesis, disulfide reductant. However, these three major narratives are only applicable under specific...