cancer immunotherapy (passive or active) involves treatments which promote the ability of the immune system to fight tumor cells. several types of immunotherapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, non-specific immunomodulatory agents, and cancer vaccines are currently under intensive investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. cancer vaccines induce pe...

Abstract Mitochondria contain an organellar genome that encodes for subunits of the respiratory chain. Its coordinated expression is essential eukaryotic life and defects in this process lead to severe disease. However, molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial gene remain poorly understood. Recent structural functional studies have provided first mechanistic insights into highlight evoluti...

The past decade has witnessed an explosion in studies--both clinical and basic science--examining the relationship between the microbiota and human health, and it is now clear that the effects of commensal organisms are much broader than previously believed. Among the microbiota's major contributions to host physiology is regulation of the development and maintenance of the immune system. There...

Simulation of the integrated urban wastewater system is a computationally-demanding task, and performing long-term simulations consequently takes a considerable time. Reduction of simulation times can be achieved by speeding up one or more of the submodels of the integrated system. In this paper the use of a fast neural network model instead of the mechanistic model of the wastewater treatment ...

We found an effective catalytic consortium capable of converting glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in high yields (50%). The reaction consists a Lewis acid (NbCl5) and Brønsted (p-sulfonic calix[4]arene (CX4SO3H)), microwave-assisted reactor biphasic system. best result for the conversion HMF (yield 50%) was obtained with CX4SO3H/NbCl5 (5 wt%/7.5 wt%), using water/NaCl MIBK (1:3), at 150...

Flavocytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450) BM3 is an intensively studied model system within the P450 enzyme superfamily, and is a natural fusion of a P450 to its P450 reductase redox partner. The fusion arrangement enables efficient electron transfer within the enzyme and a catalytic efficiency that cannot be matched in P450 systems from higher organisms. P450 BM3's potential for industrially rele...

We will show that there is a strong form of emergence in cell biology. Beginning with C.D. Broad’s classic discussion of emergence, we distinguish two conditions sufficient for emergence. Emergence in biology must be compatible with the thought that all explanations of systemic properties are mechanistic explanations and with their sufficiency. Explanations of systemic properties are always in ...