Fundamental cryobiological characteristics of rhesus spermatozoa must be determined for successful cryopreservation techniques to be established. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the osmotic behavior and osmotic tolerance limits of rhesus macaque spermatozoa. Cell volume changes over anisotonic conditions were assessed using an electronic particle counter and sperm mot...

Since membrane separations, such as vapor permeation (VP) or pervaporation (PV), are not limited by vapor-liquid equilibrium, their coupling with distillation can exert a synergistic effect, overcome the thermodynamic limits of distillation, and improve energy efficiency, especially suitable for separation azeotropic mixtures that otherwise requires special processes. Therefore, there is an inc...

A lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was continuously operated to investigate the membrane fouling. A new membrane fouling mechanism: osmotic pressure mechanism in cake layer filtration process was identified. Osmotic pressure was proposed to stem from the retention of counter-ions in the matrix of biopolymers in cake layer. Through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray pho...

Osmotic forces and solute diffusion are increasingly seen as playing a fundamental role in cell movement. Here, we present a numerical method that allows for studying the interplay between diffusive, osmotic and mechanical effects. An osmotically active solute obeys a advection-diffusion equation in a region demarcated by a deformable membrane. The interfacial membrane allows transmembrane wate...

To date, the membrane development for distillation (MD) application is growing in line with increasing volume of various types wastewaters discharged into environment. MD a liquid-vapor separation process and hydrophobic used to retain liquid. Theoretically, can achieve 100% rejection non-volatile components that dissolved feed liquids. As result, has received significant attention water recove...

We report a cyclic growth/retraction phenomena observed for saline droplets placed on cured poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane with thickness of 7.8 ± 0.1 µm floating pure water surface. Osmotic mass transport across the micro-scaled PDMS provided growth sessile followed by evaporation droplets. NaCl crystals were in vicinity triple line at stage. The cycle was reversible. A model osmotic ...