Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), vanillylmandelic (VMA), homovanillic (HVA), catecholamines and metanephrines are produced in excess by catecholamine-producing tumors. These biogenic amines unstable at low or high pH require hydrochloric (HCl) to prevent their degradation. However, HCl addition may result very causing degradation deconjugation of several metabolites. This study eval...

Pheochromocytoma associated with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is very rare. A 27-year-old female presented with right flank pain and hypertensive urgency. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen and gadolinium-contrast MRI abdomen revealed right adrenal mass suspicious of malignancy with invasion and compression to the right IVC wall along with IVC thrombus extending from the level of renal veins t...

Abstract Introduction Adrenal hemorrhage is an uncommon finding in patients and estimated to be present 0.14-1.8% of postmortem examinations. Clinical diagnosis challenging due its non-specific presentation most cases are diagnosed incidentally on imaging. Here we discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, outcome this rare case. Case A 74-year-old Asian female presented ED with ...

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar in normotensive and hypertensive outpatients, but were significantly lower in laboratory control subjects. 2. Standing plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar in all three groups. 3. Urinary vanillyl mandelic acid, catecholamines and metanephrines were also similar in the normotensive and hypertensive groups. 4. Laboratory controls, p...

Abstract Introduction: Classic pheochromocytoma symptoms include headache, diaphoresis, palpitations and symptomatic pheochromocytomas are on average around 5cm. They respond to preoperative alpha blockade followed by surgery. We present a case of giant 15.9cm with delayed presentation diagnosis complicated atypical nausea, weight loss; preparation included modified high-dose phenoxybenzamine b...