There is a richly documented fossil record of the evolutionary transition from ape-sized brains that are less that one-third the size of modern humans through a series of intermediate-sized brains up to the modern range. The first report on the discovery of the foot of the Stw 573 skeleton emphasized the apparent transitional nature of its great toe [Clarke, R.J., Tobias, P.V., 1995. Sterkfonte...

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor with a predilection for the bones of lower extremities and about one fourth of the tumors involve the foot. Radiologically, an eccentric lytic lesion with well-defined margins is seen in the metaphysis of the bone. We hereby, report an 18 yr old young male who presented to Orthopedic Outpatient Department, JN Medical College, Alig...

We present the case of a 74-year-old white female admitted to the Department of Dermatology because of a tumor in the IV-V interdigital area of her right foot. A crimson, dome-shaped tumor with a granular, spongy surface (diameter 4 cm) had developed over a period of about 3 months. The biopsy, stained with H and E, revealed an anaplastic malignant tumor. Additional immunochemical staining with...

Suspensory ligament (SL) injury is an important source of lameness in performance horses. Injury to the SL not only affects the ligament, the third metacarpal or metatarsal bones may also be affected. 2-3 Multiple modalities are available to aide in the diagnosis of SL injury. All modalities can make a contribution to diagnosing and characterizing SL injury. 4 However, ultrasound is commonly us...

The radiographic evaluation of the fetlock joint as part of a lameness or prepurchase examination often reveals osteochondral fragmentation. These fragments can either be causing lameness or have no clinical importance at the time of examination. However, they can cause lameness at a later stage. An appropriate analysis of the situation requires a correct assessment of the fragment type and an ...

Introduction: Exotic pet lovers' interest in keeping tortoises is increasing all over the world, including Indonesia. However, this trend cannot be separated from potential emergence of various health problems tortoises. One that often affects metabolic bone disease. Metabolic disease (MBD) a disorder related to mechanisms vitamin D and calcium metabolism, which generally occurs reptiles, espec...

BACKGROUND Plantar forefoot pain is commonly experienced by older people and it is often treated with forefoot pads to offload the painful area. However, studies have found inconsistent effects for different forefoot pads on plantar pressure reduction, and optimum forefoot pad placement is still not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different forefoot pads on plantar pr...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of proximal opening wedge osteotomy using a straight versus oblique osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 104 consecutive first metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomies performed in 95 patients with hallux valgus deformity. Twenty-six feet were treated using straight metatarsal osteotom...

Subchondral bone pain is often the result of a stress-adaptation mismatch injury involving the condyles of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bones, frequently involving both forelimbs or both hindlimbs, or all four limbs. Therefore the presenting complaint is usually loss of action or decline in performance, rather than overt lameness. The horse may have a short scratchy trot and prefer to canter...