Valerio Lucarini,a,b,c* Klaus Fraedrichd and Frank Lunkeitd aDepartment of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK bDepartment of Mathematics, University of Reading, UK cDepartment of Physics, University of Bologna, Italy dMeteorologisches Institut, KlimaCampus, University of Hamburg, Germany *Correspondence to: Valerio Lucarini, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO ...

Soil hydrology is highly nonlinear. As surface soil becomes To characterize the subgrid variability in surface hydrology at saturated with water, excess water runs off in streams. If the the SGP site, we drive a land surface model (the parameters that influence surface soil water vary widely within Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme [BATS]; Dickinson a general circulation model (GCM) grid cel...

Structural time series models have applications in many different fields such as biology, economics, and meteorology. A structural times series model can be represented as a state-space model where the states of the system represent the unobserved components and the structural parameters have clear interpretations. This paper introduces a class of structural time series models that incorporate ...