This paper presents a formal model of the substitution rules for soccer games as they existed at the 1994 World Cup. The model is expressed in VDM and can be animated with the VDMTools environment. The formalisation helps improve the precision of the original rules, stated in natural language. This animation shows that the rules make a useless distinction between goalkeeper and field player sub...

Situational method engineering is used to create methods for use on projects. It is vital that such constructed methods be of good quality and relevant to the software development project in hand. Current capability assessment approaches cannot readily be applied to such SME-constructed methods since they do not differentiate between the three “phases” of method construction and enactment: meth...

This paper proposes the term method engineering for the research field of the construction of information systems development methods and tools. Some research issues in method engineering are identified. One major research topic in method engineering is discussed in depth: situational methods, i.e. the configuration of a project approach that is tuned to the project at hand. A language and supp...

Research on spreadsheet errors is substantial, compelling, and unanimous. It has three simple conclusions. The first is that spreadsheet errors are rare on a per-cell basis, but in large programs, at least one incorrect bottom-line value is very likely to be present. The second is that errors are extremely difficult to detect and correct. The third is that spreadsheet developers and corporation...

The unambiguous speci cation of the requirements of real-time software systems is a non-trivial task. In this report we describe some experiences in AE modeling, using a simple extension to VDM as notational vehicle.

Model driven development is an effective method due to its benefits such as code transformation, increasing productivity and reducing human based error possibilities. Meanwhile, agile software development increases the software flexibility and customer satisfaction by using iterative method. Can these two development approaches be combined to develop web applications efficiently? What are the c...