In glycogen-containing muscle, glycogenesis appears to be controlled by glucose 6-phosphate (6- P) provision, but after glycogen depletion, an autoinhibitory control of glycogen could be a determinant. We analyzed in cultured human muscle the contribution of glycogen depletion versus glucose 6- P in the control of glycogen recovery. Acute deglycogenation was achieved by engineering cells to ove...

Seventeen vitamin K-dependent proteins have been identified to date of which several are involved in regulating soft-tissue calcification. Osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein (MGP), and possibly Gla-rich protein are all inhibitors of soft-tissue calcification and need vitamin K-dependent carboxylation for activity. A common characteristic is their low molecular weight, and it has been postulated th...

The role of grassland ecosystems as net sinks or sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is limited by a paucity of information regarding management impacts on the flux of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and methane (CH(4)). Furthermore, no long-term evaluation of net global warming potential (GWP) for grassland ecosystems in the northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America has been reported. Given this need,...

BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. A preventive role for vitamin K in CAC progression has been proposed on the basis of the properties of matrix Gla protein (MGP) as a vitamin K-dependent calcification inhibitor. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation on CAC progressio...

The multi-output Gaussian process ($\mathcal{MGP}$) is based on the assumption that outputs share commonalities, however, if this does not hold negative transfer will lead to decreased performance relative learning independently or in subsets. In article, we first define context of an $\mathcal{MGP}$ and then derive necessary conditions for model avoid transfer. Specifically, under convolution ...

In This Issue In This Issue Pulling on a cytokine he extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a storage facility for tons of factors waiting to do business in the cell. Annes et al. (page 723) show that the ECM anchoring of one factor, the cytokine TGF-␤ , is essential for its activation. The anchoring may give cells something to pull against, with the pulling mediating the activation. Most TGF-␤ is ...

The matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an important inhibitor of vessel and cartilage calcification that is strongly expressed in human calcified, atherosclerotic plaques and could modulate plaque calcification and coronary heart disease risk. Using a genetic approach, we explored this possibility by identifying polymorphisms of the MGP gene and testing their possible association with myocardial infar...

In This Issue In This Issue Pulling on a cytokine he extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a storage facility for tons of factors waiting to do business in the cell. Annes et al. (page 723) show that the ECM anchoring of one factor, the cytokine TGF-␤ , is essential for its activation. The anchoring may give cells something to pull against, with the pulling mediating the activation. Most TGF-␤ is ...