Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates gonadotrophin biosynthesis and release in the anterior pituitary via specific receptors. Extrapituitary expression and action of GnRH have been demonstrated in several species. A possible role for GnRH in preimplantation embryonic development, endometrial preparation, and the implantation process has been previously suggested. Moreover, the prese...

Gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in all vertebrates. The vast majority of GnRH neurons are thought to be derived from progenitor cells in medial olfactory placodes. Several antibodies and lectins that recognize cell surface carbohydrates have been useful for delineating the migratory pathway from the olfactory placodes and vomeronasal organ,...

The cDNA encoding lamprey prepro-gonadotropin releasing hormone-I (lamprey GnRH-I) has been isolated and sequenced in an agnathan, the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. The lamprey GnRH-I precursor is the first identified in an ancient lineage of vertebrates and has the same overall tripartite structure as other vertebrate GnRH precursors. The amino acid sequence of lamprey GnRH-I and the proces...

The agonist-bound gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor engages several distinct signaling cascades, and it has recently been proposed that coupling of a single type of receptor to multiple G proteins (G(q), G(s), and G(i)) is responsible for this behavior. GnRH-dependent signaling was studied in gonadotropic alphaT3-1 cells endogenously expressing the murine receptor and in CHO-K1 (CH...

Purpose: Expression of GnRH receptor type-I (GnRHR) and GnRH-I are not restricted to the hypothalamic area, and have been demonstrated in the immune system. GnRH expression in human B lymphocytes has not yet been explored. We therefore investigated GnRH-I expression in human peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBC) and B lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCLs). We also investigated the regulation of B-L...

OBJECTIVE To review the physiologic functions and clinical significance of peripheral GnRH receptors. DESIGN Literature review. All peer-reviewed journal articles published before 2010 on peripheral GnRH receptors were searched for in the Pubmed database, and relevant findings were summarized. RESULT(S) Peripheral GnRH/GnRH receptor systems may serve as regulators of hCG synthesis and impla...

A few hundred hypothalamic neurons form a complex network that controls reproduction in mammals by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Timely postnatal changes in GnRH secretion are essential for pubertal onset. During the juvenile period, GnRH neurons undergo morphological remodeling, concomitantly achieving an increased responsiveness to kisspeptin, the main secretagogue of GnRH....

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin hormones. In addition, GnRH also stimulates the production and secretion of growth hormone (GH) in some fish species and in humans with certain clinical disorders. In the goldfish pituitary, GH secretion and gene expression are regulated by two endogenous forms of GnR...

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally isolated from the mammalian hypothalamus for its role as the primary regulator of reproductive function. Since its discovery, GnRH has also been shown to be located in non-hypothalamic tissues and is known to have diverse functions. Although the regulation of GnRH synthesis and release has been extensively studied, there is additional evi...