The cold war has ended with the breakup of the Soviet Union. Arms reduction treaties mandate the destruction of a sizable portion of the worlds destructive potential while environmental concerns greatly reduce the methods that are available for treaty compliance, but the stockpiles of outlawed and obsolete warheads and delivery systems continue to be vast worldwide. In 1982 the University of Mi...

We recently described threats to the terrestrial biological resources on the Mariana islands of Guam and Tinian resulting from the large-scale buildup of military operations. Attitudes that view these military buildup plans in a zero sum context whereby the positives of greater security and improved local economy can be attained only with corresponding negatives of environmental destruction are...

This article aims to find out the human rights violations that occurred in child soldiers armed conflict of theCongo. Human are basic owned by every being as a gift from God Almighty, valid for life, and cannot be contested. Recruiting children is violation rights. Protection children's an inseparable part emotionally, physically, psychologically on negative impacts presence impact soldiers. Un...

, © Carr This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and redistribution in any medium, provided that the original author and source are credited. So, climate change and conflict is back in the media, seemingly with the strength of science behind it. I’ve been a rather direct, harsh criti...

Abstract Using new data at the police department level, I propose an identification strategy for estimating causal effect that militarization has on reducing violent crime. show previous estimates are likely to be contaminated by unobserved factors simultaneously determine and Upon addressing this issue, find a point estimate is 20 times larger than those estimated previously. then one-fourth o...

While the Transformation of Roman World project (1993–1998) made vital contributions to our understanding transition from Antiquity Middle Ages, it neglected important subjects warfare, violence and military institutions. The exciting new collection Early Medieval Militarisation goes a long way filling this lacuna through twenty stimulating essays by junior senior scholars. contributors all rej...

The global phenomenon of human trafficking involves wide social and economic implications, and its expansion is strengthened by globalization and the use of new technology. Victims can be anyone. The forms of exploitation differ, ranging from sexual, labor exploitation, criminal involvement, arrangement of marriages, organ donation, to forced military service, all implying violent exploitation ...