INTRODUCTION been carried out with anthocyanin as a marker of vacuolar material and with various enzymes as markers of mitochondrial and hyaloplasmic commethod of isolating cell organelles (2) and its markers of mitochondrial and hyaloplasmic commodification for use in isolating chloroplasts (3, ponents 5, 13), it has been used extensively in the study visual observations of the purity of these...

Previous studies in our laboratories had shown that sarcosine dehydrogenase and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase are exclusively mitochondrial enzymes and that they can be liberated from mitochondria by sonic irradiation (2, 3). By employing the N-methyl-oxidizing enzymes as markers, the rates and extent of release of various mitochondrial components during sonic irradiation have been measured. Pr...

Mitochondrial disorders have become the most common cause of inborn errors of metabolism. Impairments in mitochondrial protein synthesis are one of the causes of these diseases, which are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The mitochondrial translation machinery decodes 13 polypeptides essential for the oxidative phosphorylation process. Mitochondria protein synthesis depends on the inte...

Mitochondria fulfill a wide range of metabolic functions in addition to the synthesis of ATP and contain a diverse array of proteins to perform these functions. Here, we present the unexpected discovery of the presence of the enzymes of glycolysis in a mitochondrial fraction of Arabidopsis cells. Proteomic analyses of this mitochondrial fraction revealed the presence of 7 of the 10 enzymes that...

During the early development of Artemia there is an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities of about one order of magnitude, whereas the activities of two cytoplasmic enzymes tested as controls remain unaltered. The mitochondrial enzyme activation correlates with (i) large changes in mitochondrial morphology, (ii) a 5-fold increase in the amount of the H+-ATP synthase beta-subunit and (iii)...

Intramitochondrial loci for delta-aminolaevulate synthetase and ferrochelatase, the initial and final enzymes in haem synthesis, have been found in rat liver. Two different methods of fractionation were applied to mitochondria: (a) sonication and density-gradient centrifugation; (b) treatment with digitonin and differential centrifugation. Similar results were obtained with each technique. delt...

Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has emerged as a major regulatory mechanism for metabolic adaptation. cAMP signaling and PKA phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins have just started to be investigated, and the presence of cAMP-generating enzymes and PKA inside mitochondria is still controversial. Here, we discuss the role of cAMP in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics through pr...

Cell survival depends on essential processes in mitochondria. Various proteases within these organelles regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and ensure the complete degradation of excess or damaged proteins. Many of these proteases are highly conserved and ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. They can be assigned to three functional classes: processing peptidases, which cleave off mitochondrial targeti...