Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which wi...

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, capable of altering their morphology and function. However, the mechanisms governing these changes have not been fully elucidated, particularly in muscle cells. We demonstrated that oxidative stress with H2O2 resulted in a 41% increase in fragmentation of the mitochondrial reticulum in myoblasts within 3 h of exposure, an effect that was preceded by a reduct...

Routine exercise is widely recognized as cardioprotective. Exercise induces a variety of effects within the cardiovasculature, including decreased mitochondrial damage and improved aerobic capacity. It has been generally thought that the transient increase in oxidative stress associated with exercise initiates cardioprotective processes. Somewhat paradoxically, increased oxidative stress associ...

Acquired resistance to drugs commonly used for lymphoma treatment poses a significant barrier to improving lymphoma patient survival. Previous work with a lymphoma tissue culture model indicates that selection for resistance to oxidative stress confers resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. This suggests that adaptation to chronic oxidative stress can contribute to chemoresistance seen i...

We propose that elevation of mitochondrial enzyme cofactors may prevent or ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases by improving mitochondrial function. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high doses of B vitamins, the precursors of mitochondrial enzyme cofactors, on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and Parkinsonism in a 4-week long rotenone treatment-induced cellular ...

Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) causes detrimental changes associated with the development of chronic neurological diseases in the offspring as a result of oxidative mitochondrial damage. Maternal L-Carnitine administration has been shown to reduce renal oxidative stress in SE offspring, but its effect in the brain is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal L-Carnitine sup...

Mitochondria under oxidative stress are thought to play a key role in various neurodegenerative disorders by directing neurons to cell death. Protection by antioxidants against oxidative stress to mitochondria may prove to be beneficial in delaying onset or progression of these diseases. We have investigated the ability of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (GCEE) to upregulate mitochondrial gl...

Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Oxidative stress produced by free radicals may play a role in the initiation and progression of epilepsy; the changes in the mitochondrial and the oxidative stress state can lead mechanism associated with neuronal death pathway. Bioenergetics state failure and impaired mitochondrial function include excessive free r...

Besides fluorine, oxygen is the most electronegative element with the highest reduction potential in biological systems. Metabolic pathways in mammalian cells utilize oxygen as the ultimate oxidizing agent to harvest free energy. They are very efficient, but not without risk of generating various oxygen radicals. These cells have good antioxidative defense mechanisms to neutralize these radical...

INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Recent studies have shown some evidence demonstrating that oxidative stress may have a role in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. However, it is still not clear whether oxidative stress is the cause or the effect of the abnormalities documented in fibromyalgia. Furthermore, the role of mitochondria in the redox imbala...