objective: drug craving is defined as an urge to continue substance abuse. drug dependents use different terms to express their subjective feeling of craving. this study was an attempt to generate an understanding of craving terminology among different groups of persian speaking iranian opiate dependents. method: terms used for the meaning of drug craving were listed by 36 ex-opiate dependents ...

disciplined inquiry about problems of organization and management requires decision to be taken about an appropriate research deign. in making such a decision, the researcher tacitly assumes a philosophical point of view or a research paradigm. there are four research paradigms which are the basis for the selection of research methodology and research methods. these paradigms include: a) positi...

znfe2o4 mixed spinel ferrite nanoparticles obtained through a citrate-nitrate combustion method. ignited products calcined at different temperatures in 600-900ºc range and effect of calcination treatment temperature investigated. final products characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem). the a...