effect of oil neem seed extract and the neem kernel powder mixed with methanol 85% and ethanol 95% were investigated on two spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae) under greenhouse (25 ± 5 °c and 40 ± 10% r. h.) and laboratory conditions. mortality percent of each above-mentioned solvent in different concertrations (0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5%) by three methods (leaf dip, ...

Enthalpies of solution of electrolytes as well as nonelectrolytes in several pure and mixed solvents are discussed. The resulting enthalpies of transfer from one solvent to another in solvent systems containing water show the influence of hydrophobic hydration for solutes containing alkyl groups, viz. tetraalkylammonium bromides, alkanols and substituted ureas. Enthalpies of dilution give infor...

The trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene-containing materials is key to a number of photomechanical applications, but the actual conversion mechanism in condensed phases is still largely unknown. Herein, we study the n, pi* isomerization in a vacuum and in various solvents via a modified molecular dynamics simulation adopting an ab initio torsion-inversion force field in the ground and ex...

Organic compounds (2-naphthol, phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) were sufficiently separated from mixtures during flow in a fused silica capillary tube (50 microm in i.d. and 45 cm in length) with an aqueous mixed solvent of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM(+)Cl(-)), without a specific separation column. The method is based ...

To clarify the neuromotor effects of long-term exposure to mixed organic solvents, postural sway and tremor were measured in 62 solvent workers of four Buddhist altar manufacturing factories who had worked for 1-46 (mean 12) yr. By using the passive gas sampler, 8-h time-weighted average concentrations in the workers were estimated to be 0.02-8.7 ppm for toluene, 0.02-7.7 ppm for xylene, 0.02-5...

When ternary mixed solutions of water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvents are fed into a microspace under laminar flow conditions, the solvent molecules are radially distributed in the microspace. The specific fluidic behavior of the solvents is termed "tube radial distribution phenomenon" (TRDP). In this study, water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixed solutions (3:8:4 volume ratio) containi...

ZnO thin films have been synthesized by means of a simple hydrothermal method with different solvents. The effect of deionized water content in the mixed solvents on the surface morphology, crystal structure, and optical property has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A large number of compact and well-aligned hexagonal ZnO nanoro...

The study of the optical rotatory properties of synthetic polypeptides in organic solvents has contributed considerably to our understanding of the structural organization of globular proteins. However, in contrast to the extensive literature which has accumulated in the past decade on the various polyamino acids (l-3), relatively little work has been done on actual proteins in organic solvents...

The asymmetric mixed carboligation of aldehydes with thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes is an excellent example where activity as well as changes in chemo- and stereoselectivity can be followed sensitively. To elucidate the influence of organic additives in enzymatic carboligation reactions of mixed 2-hydroxy ketones, we present a comparative study of six ThDP-dependent enzymes in 13...