Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning typically considers beam optimization and beam delivery as separate tasks. Following optimization, a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) or other beam delivery device is used to generate fluence patterns for patient treatment delivery. Due to limitations and characteristics of the MLC, the deliverable intensity distributions often differ f...

The effects of nitroprusside (NP), glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), and the 8-bromo analog of cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP) on norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated phosphorylase a formation and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were examined in the rat aorta. NE produced a time-dependent increase in tension, phosphorylase a formation, and MLC phosphorylation. The formation of phosphorylase a and phosphoryl...

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 increases endothelial monolayer permeability and myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC-P) beginning 1-2 h posttreatment, suggesting that changes in gene expression may be required for these responses. The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was investigated because both kinases have ...

Multi-Label Classification toolbox is a MATLAB/OCTAVE library for Multi-Label Classification (MLC). There exists a few Java libraries for MLC, but no MATLAB/OCTAVE library that covers various methods. This toolbox offers an environment for evaluation, comparison and visualization of the MLC results. One attraction of this toolbox is that it enables us to try many combinations of feature space d...

This paper contributes to debates about the effectiveness of international regulation and place ‘the state’ in developing enforcing effective shipping regulation. It focuses on example Maritime Labour Convention (2006) highlight some challenges successes defending rights workers ‘decent work’. The empirical basis is a novel analysis abandonment data which allows for consideration resolution cas...

RESUMO A madeira lamelada colada (MLC) possui inúmeras vantagens, podendo ser utilizada em diversos projetos com diferentes dimensões. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da do híbrido de E. grandis × urophylla visando a produção elementos MLC colados os adesivos resorcinol-formaldeído (RF) poliuretano mamona (PUR) separadas duas classes densidade. partir d...

  Introduction:    Multileaf collimators (MLCs) are computer-controlled devices which are Useful and cost-effective tools for conformal therapy and intensity modulation radiotherapy (IMRT). Nowadays MLCs are important and standard configuration of the new medical linear accelerators which are substitute of conventional Blocks and has eliminated the ...

The aim of this study was to investigate a novel method for verification of the dose distribution for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) patient-specific quality assurance (QA) using dynamic multi-leaf collimator (DMLC) log files (Dynalog files). Dynalog files are recorded every 50 ms by using a MLC controller during the IMRT treatment. Dynalog files contain actual MLC positional info...

PURPOSE The most recent Varian(®) micro multileaf collimator (MLC), the High Definition (HD120) MLC, was modeled using the BEAMNRC Monte Carlo code. This model was incorporated into a Varian medical linear accelerator, for a 6 MV beam, in static and dynamic mode. The model was validated by comparing simulated profiles with measurements. METHODS The Varian(®) Trilogy(®) (2300C/D) accelerator m...

PURPOSE Investigation of a reduced source to target distance to improve organ at risk sparing during stereotactic irradiation (STX). METHODS The authors present a planning study with perfectly target-volume adapted collimator compared with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) at reduced source to virtual isocentre distance (SVID) in contrast to normal source to isocentre distance (SID) for stereotacti...