This paper describes a semantics for modal terms such as can and may that is intended to model the mental representation of their meaning. The basic assumption of the theory is that the evaluation of a modal assertion involves an attempted mental construction of a specified alternative to a given situation rather than the separate evaluation of each member of a set of possible alternatives as w...

It is well known that the German modal verbs ‘sollen’ and ‘wollen’ have evidential (reportative) uses, illustrated in (1), but to date there is no satisfactory formal semantic account of these uses: Most existing accounts focus on unembedded occurrences of these verbs and derive incorrect predictions for the embedded cases. Based on corpus data and a survey study, it will be argued that ‘sollen...

Jeoung (2020) argues that certain predicates in Indonesian are categorially ambiguous between auxiliaries and lexical verbs. Moreover, she claims the auxiliary reading has been overlooked analyses of so-called crossed control Indonesian. As we show this reply, however, is fact independent control.

This paper reports on a cross-linguistic study of ‘be’ verbs in Czech, English and Norwegian, viz. být, be være, drawing data from the fiction part International Comparable Corpus (Čermáková et al. 2021). The identifies two main uses verbs: auxiliary linking, plus an ‘other’ category which includes minor (often) language-specific uses. reveals marked proportional differences how three languages...

The present study investigated Japanese lexical and syntactic compound verbs (V1þV2) using Shannon’s concept of entropy and redundancy calculated using corpora from the Mainichi Newspaper and a collection of selected novels. Comparing combinations of a V2 verb with various V1 verbs, syntactic compounds were higher in entropy than lexical ones while neither differed in redundancy. This result su...

This study explores how modality is used in editorials related to Covid-19 from two Pakistani newspapers, establish the author's presence text. A purposive sampling technique was select 50 editorials, and a concordance tool employed categorize data. Modal verbs other linguistic elements with modal meanings were analyzed using interpersonal metafunction, as per Halliday's Systemic Functional Lin...

1. INTRODUCTION. This paper discusses whether there are elements in colloquial Sinhala that can be appropriately labeled AUXILIARY verbs, and what evidence there is to motivate such a label. While auxiliaries are thought of as a nearly universal lexical category (Steele 1978), the term is not mentioned in standard works on Sinhala (Gair & Paolillo 1997, Gair 1998), which warrants a closer exami...

This paper presents a comprehensive description of non-finite verbs in Assamese, language that belongs to the Indo-Aryan family. Non-finite exist multi-verb constructions, which include both single and multi-clausal constructions. In clauses, they occur with different auxiliaries carry various aspectual modal meanings. on other hand, dependent clauses mark syntactic relations have main clause. ...

This study about the productivity and near-synonymy of inchoative construction in Peninsular Spanish reveals that at least 25 verbs can enter auxiliary slot. These auxiliaries are recruited from six semantic domains: (1) superlexical inherent verbs, (2) put (3) throw (4) movement (5) manual manipulation (6) destruction. confirms a hierarchical cluster analysis is suited to investigate semantica...

Spatiotemporal activity modeling, which aims at modeling users’ activities at different locations and time from user behavioral data, is an important task for applications like urban planning and mobile advertising. State-of-the-art methods for this task use cross-modal embedding to map the units from different modalities (location, time, text) into the same latent space. However, the success o...