03 "Monumentality," she vmtes, "creates the sense of social cohesion that is central to the consolidation of a community by impressing upon people the importance and power of a thing or a person Central to this impression of social power is the sense of long-lastingness; the perception that this city, building, institution, or artwork—and the values it represents— will last through generations,...

Postmodernism, which has not been fully agreed on in its definition and boundaries, become an art movement that is increasingly utilized Turkish novels after 1980 due to some editing techniques, perspective, language expression possibilities it offers writers. Elements such as metafiction, intertextuality, deconstruction, irony, play, fantasy, simulation, pluralism, are frequently seen the work...

rationality and spirituality is a theory follows the spiritualism in west, to fill the spiritual gap made by modernism. the goal of this theory is reduction of human’s pain by collecting between rationality and spirituality, which is engendered by modernism and religion. as modernism based on reason, rationality is fundamental in this theory. spiritualty is application of rationality or is pers...