Introduction Fantasy novels have existed for a long time, but came into prominence after J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings series. This series introduced many concepts into fantasy and created a genre sometimes known as “high fantasy.” Many novels are written in this mold every year, and in addition, people indulge in pretending they are a part of this kind of world through such role-playing g...

Brent D. Ryan first visited Detroit in 1993. Describing this experience, he says: ‘‘The sense of emptiness was overpowering. ... I felt as if I was walking into the ruin of America.’’ In his book ‘‘Design after decline—how America rebuilds shrinking cities,’’ Ryan tries to understand why so many American cities have been losing population, what was and is done to change the fortune of these cit...

nowadays, novel is the most dominating genre in literature. concerning the advocates and proponents of novel, women’s share either as the writer or the reader is ever so increasing. it is such that some rhetoricians speak about a feminizing literature. this article is an attempt to deal with these aspects. unfortunately, in the domain of the iranian novel reading, there are no exact and proper ...

The concept of “metamodernism” arose in science to determine the current state literature, specifics perception and representation reality by writers new century. term is not fully established yet being revised, methodology studying metamodernist texts Russian literary studies at its starting point. article analyzes one Ian McEwan's early novels, which can be recognized as metamodern, ...

The Western novel, practicing imperialist Africanism, has historically othered Africans as savages. Chinua Achebe, a Nigerian writer, appropriated the colonizing West’s language and narrative to present the colonial encounter from an African perspective. Interestingly enough, both African and non-African scholars believe that Achebe’s novels inadvertently reproduced the essentialism that reduce...

Films have been the most entertaining art form during the past century. Sometimes they were inspired in written novels; sometimes they have inspired new written novels. Film scripts are halfway between the film in the screen and the pure world of written imagination. Real time is one of the dimensions lost in the script, breaking the anchors to the time signals of what films are made. This pape...

The effectiveness of digital graphic novels (DGN) has never been measured from the perspective of interaction design (IxD) although previous studies regarded DGN as having materiality and multisensoriality characteristics which were crucial for most purposes and territories, especially for students’ learning. Teaching a dry graduate course with most of the traditional methods has been too dull ...