Various binary and non-binary modulation techniques, in conjunction with appropriate detection techniques, are compared in terms of their spectral efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio requirements, assuming amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise source. These include (a) pulse-amplitude modulation with direct detection, (b) differential phase-shift keying with interferometric de...

It has been suggested that long-range intrinsic connections in striate cortex may play a role in contour extraction (Gilbert et al., 1996). A number of recent physiological and psychophysical studies have examined the possible role of long range connections in the modulation of contrast detection thresholds (Polat and Sagi, 1993,1994; Kapadia et al., 1995; Kovács and Julesz, 1994) and various p...

Dental Caries are one of the most prevalent chronic diseases around globe. Detecting carious lesions is a challenging task. Conventional computer aided diagnosis and detection methods in past have heavily relied on visual inspection teeth. These only effective large clearly visible caries affected been limited performance due to complex characteristics dental images, which consist hidden or ina...

It has been suggested that long-range intrinsic connections in striate cortex may play a role in contour extraction (Gilbert et al., 1996). A number of recent physiological and psychophysical studies have examined the possible role of long range connections in the modulation of contrast detection thresholds (Polat and Sagi, 1993,1994; Kapadia et al., 1995; Kovács and Julesz, 1994) and various p...