<p>The most important factor in speeding up fish depends on the food given. The feed given was <br />form of artificial (pellets) because practicality its availability. However, commercially />made course more expensive, and can pollute air compared to natural which />easy be surrounding environment. For this reason, it necessary look for />feed as an effective efficient al...

The administration of probiotics via live feeds, such as Artemia and rotifers, has gained significant attention. Moreover, indiscriminate use antibiotics in conventional aquaculture practices order to prevent or control disease outbreaks resulted the occurrence residues antimicrobial resistance. Thus, application eco-friendly feed additives, probiotics, a safer alternative received increasing a...

The sequence in which new colonists reach an empty habitat can be crucial for future development and species structure of communities. It is therefore important to assess species composition and abundance in the initial stages of habitat existence. In the present study we focussed on colonization of newly constructed temporary ponds in Doñana, Southwest Spain, created by removing 30 or 60 cm of...

The Imboassica lagoon, located in the Municipality of Macaé (RJ), is separated from the sea by a sand bar, and its surroundings are partially occupied by residential areas. This coastal lagoon has undergone environmental degradation due to sewage input and artificial sand bar openings. The temporal and spatial variation of environmental variables and zooplankton were studied monthly for four ye...

Habitat orientation has recently been demonstrated to affect the foraging behavior, growth, and production of plankton grazers. Because the orientation effect may vary with species, we hypothesize that habitat orientation may alter interspecific interactions between animal species. We experimentally investigated how habitat orientation (placing cuboid chambers in three orientations with long, m...