For adult Common Ground Doves from Sinaloa we demonstrate that the primaries are a single molt series, which sometimes feature two (in one case three) waves of feather replacement. Such stepwise primary replacement is found in many large birds but, at 40 g, this dove is much the smallest species reported to have multiple waves of replacement proceeding through its primaries simultaneously. Pre-...

We present a novel methodology to visualize tumor cells directly in a whole mouse. This technique combines immunohistochemistry with whole mouse sectioning. It lets one see the exact distribution of tumor cells throughout an animal and how effectively these cells are eliminated by cancer therapeutics. We used this technique to assess the efficacy of a T cell-specific immunotoxin in a severe com...

The intracellular synthesis of polyglutamyl derivatives of both methotrexate (4-amino-N-10-methylpteroylglutamic acid) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate, the primary plasma metabolite of methotrexate in humans, was evaluated in a methotrexate-sensitive, acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, MOLT 4. These studies were performed using a highly specific ion-pairing high-pressure liquid chromatography me...

A human T-cell line (Molt-4) was shown by viral hemagglutination and infectivity assays to support the replication of rat virus (RV) and H-1 virus. In addition, H-1 virus, but not RV, multiplied in two human B-cell lines, AV-1 and NC-37. The ability to bind radioactively labeled RV was demonstrated for each of the cell lines, but viral adsorption occurred to a greater degree with Molt-4 cells t...

Reports on the effects of carotenoids are conflicting. The present paper examines similarities and differences from contiguous studies in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to measure the frequency of single-strand breaks (SSB) in the cell line MOLT-17 (as a model system) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). MOLT-17 cells were supplemented with beta-carotene, l...

A substantial proportion of the blue crab (Calfinecles sapidus Rathbun) population in a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay was either missing or regenerating at least one limb in 1986 (24.8%) and 1987 (18.8%). Most crabs were missing a single cheliped; loss of four or more limbs was rare. Between June and November 1987, laboratory experiments were conducted in which one cheliped or both chelipeds...

Trade-offs between self-maintenance processes can affect life-history evolution. Integument replacement and the stress response both promote self-maintenance and affect survival in vertebrates. Relationships between the two processes have been studied most extensively in birds, where hormonal stress suppression is down regulated during molt in seasonal species, suggesting a resource-based trade...

Three new 4-methylenesterols, theonellasterol K (1), acetyltheonellasterol (2) and acetyldehydroconicasterol (3), along with two known sterols, theonellasterol (4) and theonellasterone (5), were isolated from the sponge Theonella swinhoei. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. Comp...

We document molt extent; age-specific patterns, plumages, and percent of the bill with corrugations; presence or absence delayed plumage maturation color changes in males some species; timing 19 resident hummingbird species Belize. Molt strategies rates smoothing were similar to North American species, all showing limited partial preformative molts, replacing only body feathers wing coverts ret...